He is among the most recognizable, similar to Shakyamuni in many aspects. Amitabha is one of the so-called Dhyani-Buddhas, a set of five non-historical, symbolic figures who are arranged in a mandala. What of the medicine Buddha? Google DoubleClick IDE cookies are used to store information about how the user uses the website to present them with relevant ads and according to the user profile. I shall now give you detailed instructions so that you and future generations who desire to practice the pure actions may attain birth in the Western Realm of Ultimate Bliss. Email. That is the one starting Namo RatnaThe link to Lamma Zopas site seems to be broken.everything is impermanent*s* It would be most appreciated as i am doing a 49 day funeral/death practice for a relative that has passed. Its not about my sensitiveness. THE IVY CAFE RICHMOND, Richmond-upon-Thames - Tripadvisor Its about being delicate with others. Its just a question of what suits you. one form of Avalokitevara is called akar "Lord of the Six Syllables" in Sanskrit. Creating a schism within the Sangha (the community of Buddhists). He is probably the best known of the Enlightened manifestations in Mahayana aside from Shakyamuni Buddha himself. Amitbha and Amityus Mantra - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia Chant the mantra (108 times is traditional), Dedicate the merit: I dedicate the merit of this practice to the cause for enlightenment for all beings. (, Amitabha Sutra (short version in full below), Thus have I heard: Once the Buddha was dwelling in the Anathapindada Garden of Jetavana in the country of Shravasti together with a large company of Bhikshus of twelve hundred and fifty members. Please note that I have made an amendment to my re-creation of the Sanskrit Amitāyus mantra. You have successfully joined our subscriber list. Please support the "Spread the Dharma" mission as one of our heroic Dharma Supporting Members, or with a one-time donation. Unfortunately some of the parts he skates over dont (to my untrained eye) look like proper Sanskrit. After Shakyamunis teachings die out, then the next Buddha (predicted to be Maitreya) will become enlightened, having rediscovered the path for himself once more. Now the long rebirth mantra pretty much ALL of the mantra itself that follows starts with Amrta and rhymes in e. Please feel free to excerpt stories with full credit and a link to. Thats not the same as the visualization practice of course, but thats not my aim! Shes also recorded the short form of the mantra for me. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amitabha_Pure_Land_Rebirth_Dharani&oldid=1147777672, Articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 2 April 2023, at 03:24. Thank you Amitofo. 1. A Pure Land is what we might think of as a parallel dimension or alternative universe which has been constructed by the infinite merit of a Buddha in his eons of practice. In some traditions Amitabha and Amitayus are seen as being essentially the same being, while in other traditions they are distinct. [2] In one type of group practice, participants usually recite this mantra three times after reciting the Heart Sutra or the Amitabha Sutra. Theres a Wikipedia article that shows the Sanskrit mantra, and you can compare that with the various Tibetan manglings! 
, So Wu Liang Shou Ru Lai means Amitayus Buddha which is another name for Amitabha Buddha (Amitabha means Infinite/Limitless Light). Thank you also for your helpful comments about the relationship between Amitayus and Amitabha. A Sanskrit manuscript of the Bhaiajya-guru-vairya-prabh-rja Stra was among the . Thats a completely different (and much longer) mantra, Kelly. In this life, we are conditioned to respond in kind to love and compassion and Amitabha is the highest form of both. The Shorter Sukhvatvyha Stra (Chinese: Fshu mtujng , Taisho no. Obeisance to the Three Jewels and Amitbha, The Sarvatathgatyurvajrahdayadhra. Benefits of listening to Amitabha Mantra The Amitabha Mantra holds several benefits for the mind of both the chanter and the listener. Complete English-translated Buddhist Sutras (Suttas) and commentaries from all traditions. I have chanted the Amitayur Dhyana Sutra, which is an Amitabha visualization. Perhaps youre talking about a different MP3? Thank you! I know these three are members of the Padma Family. The five Dhyani Buddhas are: Meanwhile, in the more intensely visualized Vajrayana schools, Amitabha has countless manifestations, peaceful and wrathful. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. . He also covers various events. This video certainly boosts my motivation to do the Amitabha practice with all the energy I can muster. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Again, Shariputra, that Buddha has numerous Shravakas or disciples, who are all Arhats and whose number cannot be known by (ordinary) calculation. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. By using this website, you agree to the use of cookies as outlined in our Cookie Notice. The teachings help us progress on the Bodhisattvas compassionate path to Enlightenment for the benefit of all beings. Thus traditions evolve! Are you talking about the chant on lamayeshe.com? Shariputra, since Buddha Amitayus attained Buddhahood, (it has passed) now ten Kalpas. It brings about benefits for the reciter in this present life.[3]. YouTube sets this cookie via embedded youtube-videos and registers anonymous statistical data. About Buddha Weekly>>. Sometimes, it seems they say Amitabha, at other times, Namo Amito Fo (Fwo in some texts), its interesting and theyd have this going on all day, in sleep, on their phone message machines, everywhere for mindfulness. So weve been reciting this Buddhas name for years without much attainment. Im sure some Tibetans would disagree with me, but I think theres no harm at all in making up your own visualization practice if youre not able to get an introduction to it from an experienced teacher. The vow he made, in front of his own Guru (before he was Enlightened) according to the Larger Sukhavati Vyuha Sutra was: The five heinous crimes that would exclude one from Amitabhas pureland Sukhavati are: Otherwise, the practice of calling out Amitabha Buddhas name at least ten times (especially when dying) is a practice that helps lift our minds to the pure land of Sukhavati. In Vajrayana Buddhism, he is known for his longevity, discernment, pure perception, purification of aggregates, and deep awareness of emptiness. So these first few lines is invoking the Triple Jewel and invoking Amitabha Buddha himself. [] knowledge of Bodhisattvas was limited to beautiful and refined peaceful deities, such as Tara and Amitabha. Author Submission: Buddha Weekly Books (BWB), Why is there still suffering in the world if Universal Mother Bodhisattva Kuan Yin Pusa (Tara, Kurukulla, Kannon) rescues beings from suffering, Kurukulla Red Taras Power Mantra in Sanskrit chanted enchantingly 21 times, Kurukulla Red Tara Enlightened Enchantment Dakini; Bringing Bodhichitta Power Into Your Life, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fpv9bRR2KNA. . Subject to terms of use and privacy statement. This particular mantra (as well as the short version) is to help those of us who have been reciting Amitabha Buddhas name for years without much success. This is because his pure land is symbolically placed in the West the land of happiness (Western Pureland named Sukhavati). Direction is typically a symbol, since Buddhas do not exist singularly in a specific direction or place. He represents love and compassion, and he is pictured as being the rich, warm color of the setting sun. in great detail in, is a common sutra to recite in Chinese temples as well. Installed by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Symbolically amara (deathless) signifies enlightenment . Repeated recitation of his name praise (known as nianfo in Chinese and nembutsu in Japanese) or his mantras can help his devotee be reborn in Sukhavati Pure Land. Therefore, Shariputra, a good man or good woman who has the faith ought to offer up prayers to be born in that land. Amitabha Buddha Mantra In Sanskrit |Om Ami Dewa Hrih in 30 Minutes Meditation Melody 11.3K subscribers Subscribe Like Share 4.7K views 1 year ago #yogamusic #Healing #calmpiano to the Tathgata, the Arhat, the completely and perfectly awakened one (samyaksambuddha). The simple answer: they dont. Sorry, I just cant stop horsing around. 2. Then the Buddha addressed Shariputra, the elder, and said, Beyond a hundred thousand kotis of Buddha-lands westwards from here, there is a world named Sukhavati. The designers of these talismans are likely to have been monastic people with knowledge of Sanskrit and an understanding of the spells used. Why do bad things happen to good people? Buddha Weekly is a Non Profit Association of volunteers since 2007, committed to the Buddhist mission of "Spread the Dharma" at NO cost to readers. Amitabha mantra; White Tara mantra; Shakyamuni mantra; Padmasambhava mantra; Bhaisajyaguru (Medicine Buddha) Mantra; Vajrasattva mantra of 100 syllables . For this reason, Shariputra, all of you should believe in my words and in what all the Buddhas proclaim. Visualize the Buddha as described above (or as given by your teacher) normally as a monk, seated in meditation, a body of red light. So all you need to remember is the words that dont repeat and theyre usually grouped into 2-3 like words: Garbhe sounds like bhave so it can be used as a memory link to help you remember what cames after sambhave. The test_cookie is set by doubleclick.net and is used to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. Amitbha (Sanskrit: , Amitbha (wordstem); Chinese: mtu F; Tibetan: -pa-me) is a celestial buddha described in the scriptures of the Mahyna school of Buddhism. 4. But further search on the Internet shows that there are numerous versions of the Amitabha mantra. 2007-2023 Buddha Weekly. If were going to be strictly accurate, the point of following the Buddhas teachings is to become enlightened, which is not the same as becoming a Buddha. A non-profit association since 2007, Buddha Weekly published many feature articles, videos, and, podcasts. Hari omgreat site to discover so thanksdo you know the meaning of the words in the long mantra of Amitayus? Amitabha is also the preeminent Buddha in Pure Land Buddhism, a part of East Asian Buddhism. The Amitabha Pure Land Rebirth Dhra, sometimes called the Pure Land Rebirth Mantra is considered an important mantra or dhra in Pure Land Buddhism and other schools of Buddhism, mainly following the Mahayana tradition. His mantra exists in both long and short forms. So had I used another common expression and said it was a different kettle of fish, youd think I was comparing the deity to a pot of cold-blooded water-dwelling vertebrates? Would you give us some leads. [Note: the full shorter verison of the Amitabha Sutra is at the end of this feature.]. Everyone can identify with his role as the embodiment of "compassionate love." Amitabha is synonymous with Pureland Buddhism because of his great vow. Om mani padme hum - Wikipedia A special . If you have a Unicode font installed youll be able to see the mantra with diacritics here: Amitabha (his name means infinite radiance) is an archetypal Buddha who is supremely important in far eastern Buddhism. Youre correct in thinking that Amitabha is the head of the Lotus family that includes Shakyamuni. Isnt it pronounced in Tibetan as Ami Deva Zay? What the historical Buddha said is that a Buddha is someone who rediscovers the path to enlightenment after its been lost. I am amazed that Tibetans can keep a straight face when they listen to our pronunciation of transliterations of Tibetan. Chanting the Amitabha mantra is considered a complete practice. O immortality perfecting one! Amitabha - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia Hi Is there another MP3 available for the Amitabha long dharani in Sanskrit? Great Compassion Mantra: Purification, healing and protection, the Maha This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. This Great Vow [spell] of the Infinite Life [Buddha] is enormous and extensive.The Wish-fulfilling [spell] is [like] whatever your heart wishes, it will necessarily follow. How can we escape the wheel of suffering? The essence of visualization practice, however, is that you visualize the figure in front of and above you, you chant the mantra, and you receive blessings flowing from the figure in the form of light that radiates from the Buddha to you. Shariputra, that Buddha-land is arrayed with such good qualities and adornments. Tayata M bekandze bekandze maha bekandze radza samugate soha. In Indian folklore it is said that the peacocks brilliant colors come from the poison of the snakes they eat. The Buddha Eye Mother [spell] is extraordinarily auspicious. Early access content as a thank you to our patrons, supporting members, and donors. Please Help Support the Spread the Dharma Mission! Shariputra, as I am now praising the inconceivable excellences of those Buddhas, so all those Buddhas are magnifying the inconceivable excellences of myself, saying these words: Shakyamuni, the Buddha, has successfully achieved a rare thing of extreme difficulty; he has attained Anuttara-samyaksambodhi in the Saha world in the evil period of five corruptions Corruption of Kalpa, Corruption of Belief, Corruption of Passions, Corruption of Living Beings, and Corruption of Life; and for the sake of all the sentient beings he is preaching the Law which is not easy to accept. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The Medicine Buddha page and mantra have been published. Buddha Weekly is a trademark. The First Doctor: Medicine Buddha Bhaisajyaguru Empowering You to To my surprise the text doesnt seem to be available online. He sits on a lotus throne decorated with his sacred animal, the peacock. The original Sanskrit versions of the Shorter . Presumably the did so because there was some psychological/spiritual need for them. This cookie, set by YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. Buddha Amitabha mantra and seed syllable in Siddham and Tibetan Amitabha is the head of the Lotus (padma) family. We need to keep the tradition as pure as possible. YouTube sets this cookie to store the video preferences of the user using embedded YouTube video. His actual name praise is, in full: Om Namo Amitabhaya Buddhaya in Sanskrit. But they do. Threads of Awakening: Interview with artist and author Leslie Rinchen-Wongmo, Mother Earth: witness of Lord Buddhas merits: Vasudhara, Phra Mae Thorani, Prithvi, Bhumi the witness of all our merits, Buddhist Home Retreat: What the Teachers Say About the Home Retreat Practice for Busy People Who Cant Attend Extensive Retreats. The Buddha himself said that there are innumerable Buddhas. Because of our bad karma creating obstacles for us, preventing us from being reborn in Amitabhas Pure Land. to ascend to a higher spiritual realm.[1]. Your methaphor is not offensive to me. The better answer is. Shariputra, in the Zenith words there are Buddha Brahmaghosha, Buddha Nakshatraraja, Buddha Gandhottama, Buddha Gandhaprabhasa, Buddha Maharciskandha, Buddha Ratnakusumasampushpitagatra, Buddha Salendraraja, Buddha Ratnotpalashri, Buddha Sarvarthadarsha, Buddha Sumerukalpa, and Buddhas as many as the sands of the River Ganges^1, each of whom, in his own country stretching out his long broad tongue that covers three thousand greater worlds completely, proclaims these truthful words: All you sentient beings believe in this Sutra, which is approved and protected by all the Buddhas, and in which are glorified the inconceivable excellences (of Buddha Amitayus). So even if you keep badgering me, I wont feel sheepish about the issue. Buddha Weekly's mission "Spread the Dharma" is carried out through Buddhist educational activities on this website, BuddhaWeekly.com, together with the Buddha Weekly Youtube Channel, the SpreadtheDharma podcasts, and related websites, social media channels, and activities. The purpose of studying the teachings of the Buddha is to become a Buddha. Bhaisajyaguru (Medicine Buddha) Mantra - Wildmind Your Harii-hiih is just a more-or-less phonetic rendering of the pronunciation of Hrih (see the pronunciation guide on this page for details). But there are various ancient Tibetan stories about ignorant people (like myself) doing things somewhat wrongly, but with faith, and reaching a desired goal. So all bad karma and kleshas (afflictions) Ksaya (decay, sickness, loss, destruction and annihilation). As a symbol, Amitabha is associated with the West in all traditions. I believe that a Buddha can manifest infinite forms, and so maybe Amitayus is a Bodhisattva form of Amitabha (the same continuum)? It is said that it can even eradicate the evil karma from the 5 rebellious acts (the worst types of offenses that can be committed) and 10 evil deeds. Apart from knowing that it sounds like Tibetan, Im at a loss! Theres an MP3 version of this available from Lama Zopas site. Shurangama Mantra Sutra - Line 143: E li ye dwo la Arya Tara - Archive.org Because Amitabha Buddha's merits are limitless. If yes how would it be used? Avalokitevara - Wikipedia Amitabha Mantra : r/vajrayana - Reddit Komyo Shingon). We would be delighted to read andpractise. By the way, I dont really see correct pronunciation as a question of purity but more as a form of respect for another language and as a way of taking mindful care of the way we speak religious words. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Your email address will not be published. The deities of the Padma family (also known as magnetizing deities), under Amitabhas gentle care are (with links to more detailed stories): Most of the red deities in Tantra are magnetizing deities and would be considered, at least, connected to the Padma Lotus family of Amitabha. 1.6 miles from Richmond Park. You have both illuminated this mantra for me. Amitabha Pure Land Rebirth Dharani - Wikipedia The Mantra itself is very poetic nearly every line starts with Amrta and ends with e, 3. In the description Amida is described as transforming greed. Shurangama Mantra Sutra - Introduction - Medicine Buddha, Akshobhya The colour of the Buddhas is significant: white (body), red (speech), blue (mind), green (action or karma) Amitabha and his family are red. (As an aside, a friend of mine was ordained and given the name "Amaradeva" which means "deathless god.". Thanks, David. Your email address will not be published. Who knows, maybe theyre right, but this isnt what the historical Buddha taught. The Amitabha Pure Land Rebirth Dhra, sometimes called the Pure Land Rebirth Mantra is considered an important mantra or dhra in Pure Land Buddhism and other schools of Buddhism, mainly following the Mahayana tradition. Improve this listing. Reciting this mantra is believed to grant the reciter a peaceful and joyful life in this life, and allow them to be reborn into the Buddha Amitabha's buddha-field of Ultimate Bliss. Shariputra, as I witness this benefit, I say these words; Every being who listens to this preaching ought to offer up prayer with the desire to be born into that country. (, Namo Amitabhaya Buddhaya (pronounced Ah-me-tah-byah-ya) in Sanskrit, Namu Amida Butsu in Japanese (in Jodo Shinzu, sometimes Na man da bu), Refuge, stated out loud, such as: I take refuge in the Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, Bodhichitta aspiration, such as I will attain Enlightenment for the benefit of all beings., Offering (not necessarily physical your practice is an offering: or a simple candle, or bowl of water) (For more elaborate offerings see our story on Water Bowl offerings>> https://buddhaweekly.com/buddhist-water-bowl-offerings-as-an-antidote-to-attachment/. In chanting Om Ami Dewa Hrih - Amitabha Buddha Mantra in Sanskrit, one evokes the spirit of Amitabha Buddha, which is a pristine awareness free from delusion and attachment. Therefore, it is called Sukhavati. Second only to Amitabha in popularity would be his spiritual son in the Lotus (Padma) family, Avalokiteshvara (or Guan Yin, Kuanyin, Kannon). Recitation of this mantra while using prayer beads is the most popular religious practice in . There are many sutras that mention Amitabha, and three canonical Mahayana sutras that focus on his doctrines and practice: Video animation of Buddha speaking the Amitabha Sutra with subtitles in English: The Buddha having preached this Sutra, Shariputra and Bhikshus, and Devas, men, Asuras, etc., of all the worlds, who have listened to the Buddhas preaching, believed and accepted with joy, made worship, and went away. 9-11 Hill Street, Richmond-upon-Thames TW9 1SX England. Video Teaching: Amitabha Amitayus Powa teaching and guided meditation Reliance on any information appearing on this website is solely at your own risk. PayPal sets this cookie to make safe payments through PayPal. The Amitayurdhyana Sutra (the Teaching of the Meditation on Amitabha) explains 16 meditations that visualize the Buddha Amitabha and his Pure Land, Sukhavati (the realm of bliss). Lantsa - alternative. The Medicine Buddha, or Bhaiajyaguru, is as his name suggests connected with healing. A Guide to Buddhist Mantras - Wildmind There is a video on you tube called The Mantra of Amitabha (best version). This seemed to be the mantra above but not quite. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. St Mary Magdalene, Richmond, in the Anglican Diocese of Southwark, is a Grade II* listed parish church on Paradise Road, Richmond, London.The church, dedicated to Jesus' companion Mary Magdalene, was built in the early 16th century but has been greatly altered so that, apart from the tower, the visible parts of the church date from the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. I recently had a friend who does the Medicine Buddha practice chant the mantra for me and I plan to add something about that Buddha on the site. They are wonderful, fragrant, and pure. Amitabha Buddha Mantra In Sanskrit |Om Ami Dewa Hrih in 30 Minutes The Tathgatalocan-mahvidy. Karma is Not Fate: Why Karma is Empowering. Bhaisajyaguru - Wikipedia Ill aim to create a page on the Medicine Buddha this week. Namely, O O Immortality, O the One Arisen from Immortality, O Immortality-born, O Immortality-child, O Immortality-perfect, O Immortality-power, O Immortality-valour, O the One Acting by Immortality-valour, O Immortality-sky-fame-maker, O Immortality-kettledrum-sound, O the One who Accomplishes all Aims, O Destroyer of all Defilements originating from [bad] Actions svh. The short form is: (tadyath:) o bhaiajye bhaiajye mahbhaiajye . Be a part of the noble mission as a supporting member or a patron, or a volunteer contributor of content. 366, Vietnamese: Pht Thuyt Kinh A Di ) is one of the two Indian Mahayana sutras that describe Sukhavati, the pure land of Amitbha.This text is highly influential in East Asian Buddhism, including China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.. I dont hear anything before the start of the mantra there. Have you any ideas about that, Bodhipaksa? or The Great Compassion Mantra in Sanskrit () by Chinese-language publishing brands. O the brilliance (teja) of immortality! Some versions have amtasiddhabhave ("O he whose state of existence has accomplished deathlessness") instead of amtasabhave. I see that Jayaravas suggestion corresponds to the Tibetan version I found (above) although I do find the Sanskrit somewhat easier to pronounce. This was established in his great sutra vows. Thus the great renunciant has taught. We would visualize this as a body of red light not of flesh and bone. [7], o amte amtodbhave amtasabhave amtagarbhe. Ill write and ask. Only can it be mentioned in boundless Asamkhya-kalpas. Thank you also for the comment about pronunciation. 7. namo'mitbhya buddhya seems to be the more proper Sanksrit version, but Namo Amitbhya Buddhya would work as well. He is synonymous with Pure Land Buddhism, because, through his efforts (practice of eons) he created this happy pure land called Sukhavati (literally. According to my friend Jayarava over at Visible Mantra who knows way more about mantras than I do the correct Tibetan and Sanskrit forms of that mantra are: o ā ma ra i dzi wa na te ye svā hā (Tibetan but svāhā would be pronounced so-hā in Tibetan). Thank you for this valuable service, Bodhipaksa! For this reason the land is called Sukhavati. Amitabha is the principal buddha in the Pure Land sect, a branch of Buddhism practiced mainly in East Asia. (Diacritics, or accents, are little marks that indicate how a letter should be pronounced. These poisons are transmuted into beauty, and likewise Amitabhas practice turns the poison of greed into love. I just found your site; great stuff. Lee Kane is the editor of Buddha Weekly, since 2007. All information on this site, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational and educational purposes only. Should I listen to music when I meditate? Partly this might be because of a need for the sense of a present spiritual force, while Shakymuni, like the Buddhas before him, was seen as gone beyond and hence unreachable. Amitabha is of great important in far-eastern Buddhism, where he is known as Amida. Location and contact. Required fields are marked *. Om Ami Dewa Hrih - Amitabha Buddha Mantra Lyrics Shurangama Mantra Sutra - Overview of the Devanagari Version - Lines 1 Shariputra, in the Southern worlds there are Buddha Candrasuryapradipa, Buddha Yacahprabha, Buddha Maharciskandha, Buddha Merupradipa, Buddha Anantavirya, and Buddhas as many as the sands of the River Ganga, each of whom, in his own country stretching out his long broad tongue that covers three thousand greater worlds completely, proclaims these truthful words: All you sentient beings believe in this Sutra, which is approved and protected by all the Buddhas, and in which are glorified the inconceivable excellences (of Buddha Amitayus). YSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages. The tradition at that time was that Shakyamuni was one of a lineage of Buddhas stretching back in time. Ultimately I think in some sense theyre all the same Buddha like white light refracted through various prisms they reveal different colors of the same experience. (LogOut/ For simplicity, until we Enlightenment, labels define qualities and have significant power (imprints) on our minds. This aspiration is the central theme of what is known as Pure Land Buddhism. According to these scriptures, Amitbha . I still havent found a Sanskrit source, but I think the mantra makes more sense if we read it as: o amarai jvantaye svāhā. These objects were probably meant for a Chinese-speaking lay clientele in exchange for donations and must have been folded, wrapped and worn on the body.