After the cognitive interviews, some items were eliminated, reworded or reordered, and some others were added. Organizations use the results of standardized written surveys to obtain a quick and economic overview of psychological job stressors and resources. Bogot Colombia. Work-Related Stress Questionnaire (WRSQ): a new tool to assess - PubMed Scale score combinations and risks for psychological health impairments. Thus, with this paper, we further professionalize the practice of psychosocial work risk assessment. Services was the economic sector with the largest representation in the pilot study sample (47%), followed by trade (18%) farming & agricultural (18%) and industry (17%). Formas y consecuencias de la violencia en el trabajo. However, this correlation could be very low, especially in very high stressor values with slight variance between the individual persons concerned, not because the stressor has no relevance for the outcome, but because the variance restriction would artificially reduce the correlation. Psychosocial aspects of the functional gastrointestinal disorders. A particularity of risk in terms of probability of an event is that the outcome is a dichotomous variable: an accident may be defined as dichotomous variable as it may occur or not. The following measures are included: Psychosocial Working Conditions, Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), Subjective Assessment Work Characteristics Questionnaire, Objective Work Characteristics Questionnaire, HSE Indicator Tool, Brief Scale of Vocational Stress, questionnaire "Psychosocial Factors" and Questionnaire of Occupational Burdens in Teaching. Tabanelli M.C., Depolo M., Cooke R.M., Sarchielli G., Bonfiglioli R., Mattioli S., Violante F.S. As indicated by the significant correlation coefficients, emotional exhaustion is positively related to the assessed job stressors and negatively related to the assessed job resources. Despite the fact that the relationship between work and non-work factors has been study subject, little progress has been made towards a measurement methodology systematically approaching both constructs. Additionally, questions selected mostly reflected observable facts, as a strategy to reduce the effect of excessive subjectivity, and to prevent threatening feelings when respondents were asked about sensitive topics. As a result of the pilot study, items from WPFQ forms A and B were improved, leaving WPFQ form A with 142 items, WPFQ form B with 118 and N-WPFQ with 34. For instance, drawing on the meta-analysis of Fila and colleagues [12], even a standardized deviation of 0.5 in job demands (|rc| = 0.51) would stand for a different effect on emotional exhaustion as the same deviation for lack of control (|rc|=0.20). On a second page, participants were informed about the data processing procedures in accordance with the European (and German) data protection regulations and about the institutional responsibilities and the data protection officer. de Jonge J., Dormann C. The DISC model: Demand-induced strain compensation mechanisms in job stress. Prediction of psychological health impairment based on single job stressor and resources scores. The Healthy Work Survey: A Standardized Questionnaire for th Leiter M.P., Maslach C. Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. In addition to the potentially inherently problematic reference values, the possibly uniform determination of deviations from this value (e.g., one standard deviation) can be problematic. Although stress and burden are not diagnostic labels in and of themselves, they are key components of the profile of psychological distress experienced by many caregivers. In the case of our study, we wish to predict the risk of health impairment based on the scores of one or more job stressors and job resources scales. Universidad Javeriana, Bogot, Colombia. Villalobos, 2005, unpublished doctoral dissertation) for the validation study of WPFQ and N-WPFQ. A method that better addresses the different meanings of identical numerical expressions is the reference value-based method. . The results can be structured and differentiated between workplace groups or work teams. Examples are psychological stressors and resources regarding work content (e.g., emotional demands), work organization (e.g., work intensity), or social relationships (e.g., social support). Organizational stress, personal life stress, and symptoms of life strains: An examination of the moderating role of sense of competence. In: Stokols D, Altman I, editors. Zip code: 110231, Telephone number: (571) 3208320 ext 5525, or (571) 3208138, Fax number: (571) 3208320 ext 5523, oc.ude.anairevaj@sagrav.acilegna, Martin Rondn: Address for correspondence: Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina. Psychosocial questionnaires developed in Colombia have helped occupational health professionals and employers to understand psychosocial factors in the workplace, even though some of the questionnaires have not undergone national validation studies ((i)Psychosocial factors and (ii)Stress Symptoms Questionnaires Ministerio de Trabajo and Universidad Javeriana -Villalobos G. 1996 [Villalobos, 1998]; (iii)Psychosocial factors Questionnaire Instituto de Seguros Sociales - Bocanument G, & Berjn P [Bocanument et al., 1996]; and (iv)Questionnaires for the study of working violence, Ministerio de la Proteccin Social and Universidad de Antioquia [Ministerio de la Proteccin Social et al., 2004a]. Special Issue. Clarke and Cooper [21] acknowledge that the value of 7.98 is initially not meaningful in itself. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. [Brewer et al., 2006], which included the three main categories of psychosocial factors, settings, and assessment; connected by "AND / OR / NOT Boolean operators.". This dimension refers to the compatibility between performance requirements and work conditions that worker faces daily. . The organizational mechanisms mentioned refer to clear, adequate and timely information and opportunities for worker participation. In addition, we used these coefficients to calculate the risk values associated with exemplary questionnaire scores. In: Seguro Social Proteccin Laboral, editor. At work, I am involved in work processes from start to finish. Before bSchool of Medicine. In the following, we demonstrate this procedure on an exemplary empirical dataset that includes data on job stressors and job resources and health indicators. Villalobos, 2005, unpublished doctoral dissertation). Professionals, technicians and managers made up 58.3% of the total sample, followed by auxiliary and blue-collar workers (41.7%). We then divided the sample into groups below and above these cutoff values and counted the number of cases with and without psychological health impairment. Content validity was performed by experts and cognitive interviews. We assessed emotional exhaustion using seven items of the German version [32] of the emotional exhaustion scale taken from the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), 2nd Edition [33]. The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. With emotional exhaustion, we considered different references that defined severe burnout [34] or high exhaustion based on statistical deviation from a norm [36]. Cumulative Psychosocial Stress and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Older The use of a small convenience sample is a limitation of the pilot study; however, the results of the pilot were extremely useful to the design of the later validation of the questionnaires. aSocial Security and Professional Risk Center. Topp C.W., stergaard S.D., Sndergaard S., Bech P. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: A systematic review of the literature. Furthermore, participants were informed that study participation was completely voluntary, and discontinuation or interruption of the participation was possible at any point in time without being identified and without any disadvantages. On average, participants worked 39.7 h per week (SD = 5.7 h). Psychosocial risk questionnaires are common instruments in occupational safety and health promotion. The thresholds determined in this way for differentiating between critical and noncritical exposure levels only achieve a rate of 63.3% correct classifications (true positives + true negatives) regarding the occurring health risks [25]. Technical studies related to risk assessment have been useful for developing governmental policies. In spite of having a larger sample (n=859), similar low correlations have been reported in the validation study of COPSOQ in Spain [Moncada et al., 2002]. Apart from the basic overview, the results of valid and reliable questionnaires have the potential to distinguish workplace groups that face particular hazards and have to be addressed with a high priority from other workplace groups facing lower psychological hazards. Stansfeld SA, Fuhrer R, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG. Work characteristics predict psychiatric disorder: prospective results from the Whitehall II Study. Furthermore, the approach can be extended to a range of indicators for psychological health (impairment). HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In summary, directly linking psychosocial stressors to the empirically determined correlation of health impairments is advanced compared to the absolute or relative value interpretation of psychosocial work risk questionnaire scales. Emerging risks and new patterns of prevention in a changing world. Lesener T., Gusy B., Wolter C. The job demands-resources model: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. This dimension can be justly criticized because its outcomes may mean both work demands and individuals high need for control, or even for over commitment at work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Future research should investigate the predicted values in comparison to actual health impairments by conducting longitudinal studies. Lugo LH, Garca HI, Gmez C. Confiabilidad del cuestionario de calidad de vida en salud SF-36 en Medelln, Colombia. The four domains of WPFQ and the seven dimensions of N-WPFQ were expected to be related to stress symptoms and negative health status. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Grants number: 5D43TW007564 and D43TW000644. These job stressors and job resources are comparable to stress factors accounted for in occupational health and safety legislation of other countries and respective psychosocial risk assessments [3]. The RSQ items measure three forms of coping strategies (1) Primary Control Engagement Coping, (2) Secondary Control Engagement Coping, and (3) Disengagement Coping; and two types of involuntary stress responses (1) involuntary engagement and (2) involuntary disengagement. When evaluating psychosocial factors, a question related to usefulness arises. 1214. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-a tool for the - JSTOR Diario Oficial 47.059 de julio 23. For example, we may consider the structure of working hours of healthcare professionals, which may have undoubtedly already problematic mean values within the industry population [9,10]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial and institutional support of the Colombian Ministry of Social Security, as well as the contributions made by workers and their employers for designing the questionnaires. The domain of job demands comprises eight dimensions (Table 1) mainly related to job content and work environment; one of them is focused on the interface between work and non-work settings. Questions are open-ended (e.g., year of birth, job position, city) and closed-ended (e.g., gender, type of job, highest educational level). Hfner A, Stock A. Three questionnaires were constructed to evaluate exposure to work and non-work risk factors. However, this approach does not provide a meaningful statement about the absolute health risk in a specific workplace. Content validity improved the questionnaires coherence with the measurement model. Here, the survey provides confirmatory results that must be integrated and combined with existing background information. Results of the national validation study are presented elsewhere. PTSD Assessment Instruments - American Psychological Association (APA) 205-221). However, this situation reveals a weakness of the questionnaire, which poses a challenge for future research to clarify the complexity of the individual and work interface, previously described by Siegrist and Peter [Siegrist et al., 1994], as a combined effect of workload and effort due to the high need for control coping style. Eriksen et al. That would mean that work intensity can explain R2 = 16% of the variance in the number of absence days. The general data section presented at the end of the questionnaires contains respondents demographic and occupational information. We applied logistic regression analysisan established and easy method to calculate the probabilities for discrete events given the values of specific predictorsto determine the absolute and relative risk for psychological health impairment based on the questionnaire scores of job stressors and job resources. Quantitative demands, as suggested by Kristensen [Kristensen et al., 2004], consider the mismatch between task and time in terms of fast work pace and work overtime. The University of Texas School of Public Health. This dimension underwent several changes during the design due to the difficulty for specifying overload as a different condition from the desirable mental load. A commonly used acute stress paradigm is the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), a standardized laboratory stress task in which participants give a speech and perform mental arithmetic in . The job reward domain contained in the WPFQ, adopted main postulates from Siegrists Effort-Reward-Imbalance model (status control, esteem and monetary recognition); however, both workers participation in cognitive interviews and the questionnaires field tests, contributed to a better fit of this domains dimensions. Total scores of WPFQ and N-WPFQ can be summarized to obtain a general psychosocial factor result. In: Zalaquett C., Wood R.J., editors. Third, the stressors measured in the stress questionnaire are self-reported; however, the perceived experience of psychosocial stress likely represents the actual stress burden of the participant, because it is an individual's perception of a stressor and response to it that influences their physiological response or health outcome via the . Clinic Epidemiology Department. What Is Psychosocial Stress? [aOR] 4.61, 95% CI 1.97-10.81), a higher Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test . Finally, participants hat to declare that they understood all of the abovementioned issues. Note. [25] present an approach to identify cutoff scores on questionnaire scales that indicate a high risk for health impairment. Additionally, the measurement model considered some psychosocial dimensions based on our own previous research and experience [Ministerio de la Proteccin Social et al., 2004b], as well as the countrys needs. Role clarity was conceived as a source of control, and the questionnaire intends to identify whether the organization provides enough information, so that worker has greater clarity about his/her role. Using the Job Content Questionnaire [27], they aim to identify those scores for demand and control that are associated with a high probability of having scores on the WHO-5 Well-Being scale [28] that are indicative in depression testing [29]. A review of the literature began with a search of psychosocial factors specific to the workplace and outside it (work and non-work psychosocial factors). The site is secure. The dimension of work influence over the non-work setting, refers to job requirements (time and effort) negatively affecting the worker's personal and family life. Taking a closer look at our study results, we find that certain psychological stressors (work intensity, social stressors) have a stronger effect regarding increased risk for health impairment than others (e.g., underutilization of skills). Therefore, we use the questionnaire scores on the respective job stressors and job resources scores of individuals. There are often tensions between colleagues. Der Fragebogen Zur Gefhrdungsbeurteilung Psychischer Belastungen (FGBU) [The Questionnaire for Psychological Risk Assessment at Work]. As illustrated in Table 5 for the listed job stressors and job resources, the total of correct classifications (i.e., true positives + true negatives) was at least 81.85%. Second, it does not account for the varying relationships of different job stressors with employee health impairments. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Tools for Caregivers of Adults: Zarit Burden Interview The COPSOQ questionnaire and its Spanish version (ISTAS21) [Moncada et al., 2002] were valuable resources for the design of new Colombian questionnaires. Correlations with form A were stronger than those for form B (Table 5). Moncada S, Llorens C, Navarro A, Kristensen TS. We also acknowledge complementary funding support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Fogarty International Center to the Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (Grant No. Blood Tests for Stress and Psychological Issues This method applies comparative statistical values when assessing the need for action. Furthermore, we included only those participants with regular employment of at least 25 h per week. As a dimension, relationships with subordinates derive its importance from supervisors complaints commonly expressed during stress management programs. This is because the deviations from the industry-specific mean, which indicate the need for action, are, at best, indirectly related to the actual health risk but do not specify it. A critical review of psychosocial hazard measures. The emotional demands considered three main risk-exposure indicators: working with negative feelings or emotions or with harmful treatment from others; the requirement to face emotionally devastating situations; and the need to hide emotions at work.

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