President Kennedy was briefed about the situation on October 16, and he immediately called together a group of advisors and officials known as the executive committee, or ExComm. Cuban Missile Crisis The former Eastern Bloc became democratic and was integrated into world economy. The differing political systems, war devastation, and the disagreements over rebuilding Europe were main causes of the Cold War. Using the peace dividend, the United States military was able to cut much of its expenditure, but the level rose again to comparable heights after the September 11 attacks and the initiation of the War on Terror in 2001. USA. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Cold War Soviets created Atomic Bomb = threat of nuclear war. Many were even summarily executed or sent to the far reaches of the Soviet Union to one of the many Soviet Gulag prison camps. WebCauses of the Cold War study guide by dghani includes 24 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. List 4 effects of the Cold War that occurred by the end of the 1950's. "[5] This new world order is referred to as "liberal hegemony" in international relations theory. Following this news, many people feared the world was on the brink of nuclear war. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Soviet economy was stagnating under Brezhnev's leadership. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! It claimed "the United States and its allies are on the right side of history. Relatively to the Cold War, the period is characterized by stabilization and disarmament. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The United States and the Soviet Union represented two opposing systems of government. The main factor that led to the end of the Cold War was the debilitated relationship of the Soviet Union with Eastern European countries which meant that countries such as Poland and Hungary gained independence. The Reagan Doctrine (a name coined by syndicated columnist Charles Krauthammer) was the most cost-effective of all the cold war doctrines, costing the United States less than a billion dollars a year while forcing the cash-strapped Soviets to spend some $8 billion annually to deflect its impact. From shooting satellites into space to developing an enormous stockpile of nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missiles, the Soviet Union spent vast sums of money in its bid for technical and military superiority over the U.S. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had gambled on sending the missiles to Cuba with the specific goal of increasing his nations nuclear strike capability. The total influenceeconomic, political, even spiritualis felt in every city, every state house, every office of the federal government. The Kennedy administration had already launched one attack on the islandthe failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961and Castro and Khrushchev saw the missiles as a means of deterring further U.S. aggression. Both leaders were scared of nuclear war. Atomic bomb: soviets felt U.S. should have shared secrets. And then there was SDIthe Strategic Defense Initiative. -Winston Churchill delivered a speech in the United States warning that Stalin was rapidly transforming the Eastern European countries and continents it was called "Iron curtain speech." OF THE COLD WAR what caused the cold war During the Cold War, much of the policy and the infrastructure of the Western world and the Eastern Bloc had revolved around the capitalist and communist ideologies, respectively, and the possibility of a nuclear warfare. For the American officials, the urgency of the situation stemmed from the fact that the nuclear-armed Cuban missiles were being installed so close to the U.S. mainlandjust 90 miles south of Florida. 1952 : USA exploded her first hyrogen bomb. It reduced government control of the economy., How did Vladimir Putin first become president of (a) In what sense does Image 6 express a political idea? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 7 What are two events signaled the end of the Cold War? Web14 Non-Russian republics want independence. - Our way vs their way. cold war "Military spending, armed conflict and economic growth in developing countries in the postCold War era. vocabulary. Why did Cold War End? Flashcards | Quizlet -A major confrontation during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. WebTerms in this set (8) What were two things severely hurting the Soviet economy just prior to its fall? 34 terms. Formation of NATO. 1.Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 23 terms. It was called the Cold War because the two powers never formally declared war on each other, instead opting for a nuclear arms race and proxy wars like the one in Vietnam. After WW2, the Soviet Union became one of the world's superpowers. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. He signed the Family Assistance Plan into law., How did Nixon ease Cold War tensions? Immediately after coming to power, Gorbachev announced his intention to sign disarmament treaties with the West, but he was initially treated with suspicion. However, disaster was avoided when the U.S. agreed to Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchevs (1894-1971) offer to remove the Cuban missiles in exchange for the U.S. promising not to invade Cuba. WebThe us responded by funding the Afghan rebels fighting the Soviet Union with weapons and money (including Bin Laden) What were 3 problems caused by the Afghan war? While Reagans Strategic Defense Initiative proved untenable in its original form, the system lives on in a redesigned state as the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS). For example, Soviet troops invaded and violently suppressed a political movement in Czechoslovakia, which attempted to relax regulations on private industry and press censorship in 1968. East and West Germany united. -Breakup of Soviet Union which broke apart Republics. US deployed IRMs in Western Europe to counter the Soviet SS20s. - Failed to The 45-year standoff between the West and the U.S.S.R. ended when the Soviet Union dissolved. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cold War, Superpowers, Berlin Wall and more. What are the two causes of the end of the Cold War? Cold War & Korean War The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Revisionist Lafeber argues the Doctrine was an 'ideological shield', and USA views all Soviet actions as ideological. Russians became skeptic about the value of democracy. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Historians will certainly regard the years 19891991 as a turning point comparable in importance to the years 17891794, or 19171918, or 19451947; precisely what has 'turned,' however, is much less certain. Distrust of Soviets. -relations were even more strained between the two Super Powers. WebThe Cold War began as a war of ideas and beliefs that pitted the democratic Western Powers against the communist Soviet Union. WebThe USA and USSR emerged as the strongest and naturally competed for influence in central/east Europe. The success of Sputnik 1 lead to an increase funding for Radio telescopes such as Jodrell Bank Observatory for use in tracking Sputnik and possible nuclear launches by the Soviet Union. Gorbachev hoped that greater freedoms would lead to better economic management and improved relations with the West. Get HISTORYs most fascinating stories delivered to your inbox three times a week. In 1981, Ronald Reagan became the President of the United States and began a more confrontational policy towards the Soviet Union. The main events that marked the end of the Cold War were the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Explain the factors that led to the end of the Cold War. - argued that detente prolonged the cold war. [citation needed]. It also continued to sponsor the spread of communism worldwide, and maintained a firm grip of control on its Soviet client states. - Concessions to Stalin. However, both sides clearly struggled to prevent the other from spreading its economic and political systems around the globe. WebA policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry. [1] The underlying geopolitical and ideological differences between the recent allies led to mutual suspicions and shortly to confrontation between the two, known as the Cold War, which lasted from about 1947 to 1991. 2) Had to send aid to other countries to win allies e.g. -Oct 16, 1962 through Oct 28, 1962. After a failed coup by hardliner communists in 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned in December 1991 as leader of the Communist Party, declaring the Soviet Union dissolved. 1. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. rise of dissident movements in Eastern Europe. Major crises of the period included the Gulf War, Yugoslav Wars, the First and Second Congo Wars, First and Second Chechen War, September 11 attacks, War in Afghanistan (20012021), Iraq War, Russo-Georgian War and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. The end of the Cold War allowed many technologies that had been off limits to the public to be declassified. Chapter 18: The Cold War (Berlin Airlift To maintain its status as a superpower, it had to match the West in economic and military power. economic differences between the United States and Soviet Union. and more. Pakistans nuclear program acquired Centrifuges capable of enriching uranium in the 80s and in 1998 was able to conduct several underground tests. Today the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China all possess nuclear weapons and have signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in an attempt to curb the spread of nuclear weapons. Lee Edwards is a leading historian of American conservatism and the author or editor of 25 books. Winston Churchill (Britain), Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA) and Joseph Stalin (USSR). WebWhich is the best description of the Cold War? After the war, the peninsula was divided along the 38th parallel with the north under the control of the Soviet Union and the south under the control of the United States. -Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc Nations.

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