Funding cuts to police in London are likely to have contributed to this, though other factors are involved. At Kew, the most rainfall in one month is 7.4 inches (189mm) in November 1755 and the least is 0 inches (0mm) in both December 1788 and July 1800. [64] In 1637, the government of Charles I attempted to reform administration in the London area. It was initially created by the Romans; legend directs that the city was founded on the banks of the River Thames by Brutus of Troy after he crushed Gog Magog; old monsters who were locals on the island in around 1000 BCE. Stanmore and Canons Park Synagogue has the largest membership of any Orthodox synagogue in Europe. Since 1825, the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures have presented scientific subjects to a general audience, and speakers have included aerospace engineer Frank Whittle, naturalist David Attenborough and evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins. It's a small part of London, the capital of the United Kingdom. In the view of Frank Stenton: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (just within the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, just outside the built-up area in most places) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routesbut very few motorways penetrate into inner London. London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom and one of the largest and most important cities in the world. Mary Quant designed the miniskirt in her King's Road boutique in Swinging Sixties London. [130], Forty per cent of Greater London is covered by the London post town, in which 'LONDON' forms part of postal addresses. [406] A number of large parks lie outside the city centre, including Hampstead Heath and the remaining Royal Parks of Greenwich Park to the southeast, and Bushy Park and Richmond Park (the largest) to the southwest. Violence against Jews occurred in 1190, when it was rumoured that the new king had ordered their massacre after they had presented themselves at his coronation. [106] The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. [37], In 1993, remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south foreshore upstream from Vauxhall Bridge. City-state - Wikipedia Her work has appeared on FOX News, AlJazeera America, ABC News, the New York Times, Marie Claire, Time and Newsweek. Fearing an attempt by the Crown to diminish the Liberties of London, coupled with a lack of interest in administering these additional areas or concern by city guilds of having to share power, caused the Corporation's "The Great Refusal", a decision which largely continues to account for the unique governmental status of the City. It is home to vast numbers of retailers and department stores, including Selfridges flagship store. Spotted something? [85] The tomb of the Unknown Warrior, an unidentified member of the British armed forces killed during the First World War, was buried in Westminster Abbey on 11 November 1920. However, London is vulnerable to climate change in the United Kingdom, and there is increasing concern among hydrological experts that London households may run out of water before 2050. [93] In 1965 London's political boundaries were expanded in response to the growth of the urban area and a new Greater London Council was created. It is a fusion of an array of ethnic accents, in particular Afro-Caribbean and South Asian, with a significant Cockney influence. Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union? Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. [312], The Austin Motor Company began making hackney carriages (London taxis) in 1929, and models include Austin FX3 from 1948, Austin FX4 from 1958, with more recent models TXII and TX4 manufactured by London Taxis International. There are three sovereign states that are not part of the countries they are located in: the Vatican, Washington D.C and the " City of London ." The City of London is not part of Greater London, the UK or even Europe. Professor of Geography, University College London, University of London. Because of its prominent global role, London's economy had been affected by the financial crisis of 20072008. Scotland Yard | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica Like suburban rail services, regional and inter-city trains depart from several termini around the city centre, directly linking London with most of Great Britain's major cities and towns. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. London then overtook Amsterdam as the leading international financial centre. For many bankers established in Amsterdam (e.g. [77][78] London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925, with a population density of 802 per acre (325 per hectare). It has been a centre for settlement,. [293] The first high-speed domestic trains started in June 2009 linking Kent to London. [393], The city is home to the original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios, where the Beatles recorded many of their hits. ", "Fish & chips: Drinks & dishes you might not have realised were invented in London", "History Of The Traditional English Breakfast", "Gordon Ramsay celebrates having three Michelin stars for 21 years", "Afternoon Tea At Oscar Wilde's Favorite Bar", "17 themed afternoon teas perfect for Mother's Day", "Inside the Factory: BBC documentary goes behind the scenes of west London factory churning out 80 million biscuits a day", "Celebrate the Bengali New Year this summer in Tower Hamlets", "Forty years of sheer Heaven at the London superclub", "We Live in the World 'Rocky Horror' Created", "Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde", "Winnie-the-Pooh goes to Harrods in new authorised AA Milne prequel", "Feature: The legacy of Oscar Deutsch's cinemas", "Saoirse Ronan, Kate Winslet Drama 'Ammonite' to Close BFI London Film Festival", "ITV: Simon Cowell Talks Strong Ties With Brit Broadcaster", "Best libraries in London: The V&A, British Library, Wellcome Trust, BFI and more", "Organisation National Portrait Gallery", "2015 Year End Worldwide Ticket Sales Top 200 Area Venues", "The best music festivals in London 2021", "In Pictures: The 'Anarchy In The U.K. Tour' of 1976, the infamous tour that never really toured", "About Wembley Stadium What we do at Wembley Stadium", "London Defeats Doha to host 2017 International Athletics Championships", "RFU apply for two additional concerts at Twickenham Stadium in 2007", "Traditional Final: It's Nadal and Federer", "The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race Official Website", Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London&oldid=1171340841, Port cities and towns in Southern England, 1st-century establishments in Roman Britain, Populated places established in the 1st century, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Old English (ca. Lead Stories is a U.S. based fact checking website that is always looking for the latest false, misleading, deceptive or [122], The British Transport Police are responsible for police services on National Rail, London Underground, Docklands Light Railway and Tramlink services. [53] London was the focus of the Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The compilation on the upper right, which can be viewed in the screenshot below, says: CITY OF LONDON THE VATICAN WASHINGTON, DC. [209], London has traditionally been Christian, and has a large number of churches, particularly in the City of London. [295], London's bus network runs 24 hours a day with about 9,300 vehicles, over 675 bus routes and about 19,000 bus stops. Over 70 per cent of the FTSE 100 are within London's metropolitan area, and 75 per cent of Fortune 500 companies have offices in London. $39.00. [75], Coffee-houses became a popular place to debate ideas, as growing literacy and development of the printing press made news widely available, with Fleet Street becoming the centre of the British press. City of London - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The claim appeared in a Facebook post on May 20, 2020, that says "Everything what we know is a lie " London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. [110] They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, libraries, leisure and recreation, social services, local roads and refuse collection. The network has 39 stops and four routes, and carried 28 million people in 2013. ", "Recorded Crime: Geographic Breakdown Metropolitan Police Service", "London murder rate up 14% over the past year", "Sadiq Khan Holds City Hall Summit on How To Tackle Violent Crime", "The Essex, Greater London and Hertfordshire (County and London Borough Boundaries) Order", "London Features Where is the Centre of London? [343] Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap, the world's longest-running play, has been performed in the West End since 1952. Skyline. Such names have remained in use through tradition, each referring to a local area with its own distinctive character, but without official boundaries. [241] On average the price per square metre in central London is 24,252 (April 2014). Black Africans accounted for 7.0% of London's population; 4.2% identified as Black Caribbean, and 2.1% as "Other Black". [154] A previous temperature of 37.8C (100.0F) in August 1911 at the Greenwich station was later disregarded as non-standard. [387], In the latter half of the 19th century the locale of South Kensington was developed as "Albertopolis", a cultural and scientific quarter. [242], London's finance industry is based in the City of London and Canary Wharf, the two major business districts. The City of London is widely referred to simply as the City (differentiated from the phrase "the city of London" by capitalising City) and known as the Square Mile, as it is 1.12 sq mi (716.80 acres; 2.90 km2) in area. [99], The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, leaving London with no central administration until 2000 and the creation of the Greater London Authority. [142], Modern London stands on the Thames, its primary geographical feature, a navigable river which crosses the city from the south-west to the east. The BRIT School in the London borough of Croydon provides training for the performing arts and technologies.[334]. [57], In the 16th century, William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London during English Renaissance theatre. The GLA has responsibility for the majority of London's transport system through its functional arm Transport for London (TfL), it is responsible for overseeing the city's police and fire services, and also for setting a strategic vision for London on a range of issues. [153] A previous spell of 15 consecutive days above 32.2C (90.0F) in England in 1976 also caused many heat related deaths. The Thames is a tidal river, and London is vulnerable to flooding. A graduate of Columbia Universitys School of Journalism, she specializes in national and foreign affairs with more than two decades experience in the Middle East. History of London | Facts, Timeline, & Mind Maps - EdrawMind [33] Important sporting events held in London include the FA Cup Final, the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, and the London Marathon. London is the capital of the United Kingdom (UK), and its largest city. [193], The population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter. Also referred to as the Square Mile, it has its own interesting history: The City of London played an active role in the events that led to Magna Carta's creation in 1215 and the Mayor (later known as the Lord Mayor) was appointed, along with the barons, to see that its provisions were carried out. [364], Wider British cultural movements have influenced LGBT culture: for example, the emergence of glam rock in the UK in the early 1970s, via Marc Bolan and David Bowie, saw a generation of teenagers begin playing with the idea of androgyny, and the West End musical The Rocky Horror Show, which debuted in London in 1973, is also widely said to have been an influence on countercultural and sexual liberation movements. [262] It is also the top city in the world by visitor cross-border spending, estimated at US$20.23billion in 2015. The population rose from about 50,000 in 1530 to about 225,000 in 1605. In fact, it's not a state at all, it's a district. [185], Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 red foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (6 per square kilometre) of London. [108] The mayor's statutory planning strategy is published as the London Plan, which was most recently revised in 2011. Against the odds and amid a backdrop of turmoil, Spain reached the pinnacle in Sydney on Sunday, beating England 1-0 to win the Women's World Cup for the first time. London is situated in southeastern England, lying on both sides of the River Thames some 50 miles (80 km) upstream from its estuary on the North Sea. London has 38 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), two national nature reserves and 76 local nature reserves. [173] The average price for properties in Kensington and Chelsea is over 2million with a similarly high outlay in most of central London. [256], London has river boat services on the Thames known as Thames Clippers, which offer both commuter and tourist boat services. Shakespeare's Globe Theatre was constructed in 1599 in Southwark. London | History, Maps, Population, Area, & Facts | Britannica Archaeological research shows this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls. The City of London at its core once comprised the whole settlement, but as its urban area grew, the Corporation of London resisted attempts to amalgamate the City with its suburbs, causing "London" to be defined several ways. [9] The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. [354] London has five 3-Michelin star restaurants, including Restaurant Gordon Ramsay in Chelsea. [174][175], The East End is the area closest to the original Port of London, known for its high immigrant population, as well as for being one of the poorest areas in London. [192] About 69% of children born in London in 2015 had at least one parent who was born abroad. London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. City of London - Sovereign Strategy Hampton Court Park is also a royal park, but, because it contains a palace, it is administered by the Historic Royal Palaces, unlike the eight Royal Parks. Regent Street is one of London's best-known thoroughfares. It is the U.K.s largest metropolis and its economic, transportation, and cultural centre. [410] Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, a former stately home and a popular location in the summer months when classical musical concerts are held by the lake. A. Milne bought for his son Christopher Robin in Harrods. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. [377] The British Academy Film Awards (BAFTAs) have been held in London since 1949, with the BAFTA Fellowship the Academy's highest accolade. [304], In the Greater London Area, around 670,000 people use a bike every day,[305] meaning around 7% of the total population of around 8.8million use a bike on an average day. [184], Amphibians are common in the capital, including smooth newts living by the Tate Modern, and common frogs, common toads, palmate newts and great crested newts. On Christmas Eve 1925, Winnie-the-Pooh debuted in London's Evening News, with the character based on a stuffed toy A. [200], 15.6% of London's population were of Black or mixed-Black descent. [176] The surrounding East London area saw much of London's early industrial development; now, brownfield sites throughout the area are being redeveloped as part of the Thames Gateway including the London Riverside and Lower Lea Valley, which was developed into the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics. [405], Close to Hyde Park are smaller Royal Parks, Green Park and St. James's Park. Its constitution is rooted in the ancient rights and privileges enjoyed by citizens before the Norman Conquest in 1066. [181], Other notable modern buildings include The Scalpel, 20 Fenchurch Street (dubbed "The Walkie-Talkie"), the former City Hall in Southwark, the Art Deco BBC Broadcasting House plus the Postmodernist British Library in Somers Town/Kings Cross and No 1 Poultry by James Stirling. [3], The movement for either increased autonomy or full sovereignty received a boost following the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum in 2016, during which the UK as a whole voted to leave the European Union (at under 52% leave), although the majority of London voted for the UK to remain in the EU (60% remain). Along with New York City and Tokyo, London is one of the three command . The City of London Corporation, officially and legally the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London, is the municipal governing body of the City of London, the historic centre of London and the location of much of the United Kingdom 's financial sector . In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. [203] In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that more than 300 languages were spoken in London and more than 50 non-indigenous communities had populations of more than 10,000. Gastronomic centres include the Bangladeshi restaurants of Brick Lane and the Chinese restaurants of Chinatown. An estimated 43,000 Londoners died, and a further 50,000 were injured. [59], Yet English maritime enterprise hardly reached beyond the seas of north-west Europe. [346] Europe's busiest shopping area is Oxford Street, a shopping street nearly 1 mile (1.6km) long, making it the longest shopping street in the UK. Arms of the Corporation of the City of London, London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority, counties for the purposes of lieutenancies, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, List of tallest buildings and structures in London, List of demolished buildings and structures in London, List of universities and higher education colleges in London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Richmond, The American International University in London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College. The record label EMI was formed in the city in 1931, and an early employee for the company, Alan Blumlein, created stereo sound that year. [228], Estuary English is an intermediate accent between Cockney and Received Pronunciation. [187] Ten of England's eighteen species of bats have been recorded in Epping Forest: soprano, Nathusius' and common pipistrelles, common noctule, serotine, barbastelle, Daubenton's, brown long-eared, Natterer's and Leisler's. The U.S. Constitution mapped out a district not exceeding "ten miles square" that was carved from Virginia and Maryland. It is mainly attributed to the East End and wider East London, having originated there in the 18th century, although it has been suggested that the Cockney style of speech is much older. Three Premiership Rugby union teams are based in Greater London: Harlequins, London Irish and Saracens. [136] The area of Greater London includes areas that are part of the historic counties of Middlesex, Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, the Rolling Stones, the Kinks, Queen, Eric Clapton, the Who, Cliff Richard, Led Zeppelin, Iron Maiden, Deep Purple, T. Rex, the Police, Elvis Costello, Dire Straits, Cat Stevens, Fleetwood Mac, the Cure, Madness, Culture Club, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart, Status Quo and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms of London. It is the only synagogue in Europe to have held regular services continually for over 300 years. City of London - Wikipedia [146] The wettest year on record is 1903, with a total fall of 38.1 inches (969mm) and the driest is 1921, with a total fall of 12.1 inches (308mm). In the east, the Port of London expanded downstream. Brookings-Wharton Papers on Urban Affairs.15287084 (2008): 177,177234. [107], The lines that formed the London Underground, as well as trams and buses, became part of an integrated transport system in 1933 when the London Passenger Transport Board or London Transport was created. The Crown Jewels | Tower of London | Historic Royal Palaces [248], London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. [370] The WWII evacuation of children from London is depicted in C. S. Lewis' first Narnia book The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950). In 20092010 the combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over 22billion (14.7billion for the boroughs and 7.4billion for the GLA). From the days of William the Conqueror to the Victorian era and later, you will see how this structure has played a significant part in London's long and notorious history. The City holds city status in its own right, and is also a ceremonial county. The Blitz failed to break Britain, however, and Nazi Germany abandoned the attacks. London independence Brexit referendum results in Greater London by borough Leave Remain London independence, sometimes shortened to Londependence and Londexit, [1] refers to a belief favouring full-fledged independence for London as a city-state separate from the United Kingdom. There were 50 murders from the start of 2018 to mid April 2018. This pioneering work in solving longitude featured in astronomer royal Nevil Maskelyne's Nautical Almanac which made the Greenwich meridian the universal reference point, and helped lead to the international adoption of Greenwich as the prime meridian (0 longitude) in 1884. [50] In 1097, William II began building Westminster Hall, close by the abbey of the same name. City of London Corporation - Wikipedia Other mammals found in Greater London are hedgehog, brown rat, mice, rabbit, shrew, vole, and grey squirrel. [107] The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Newham. 13.3% were of full Black descent, with persons of mixed-Black heritage comprising 2.3%. One of London's best-known annual sports competitions is the Wimbledon Tennis Championships, held at the All England Club in the south-western suburb of Wimbledon since 1877. [101] On 6 July 2005 London was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics, as the first city to stage the Olympic Games three times. [16][17] Its GDP (801.66billion in 2017) makes it the largest urban economy in Europe,[18] and it is one of the major financial centres in the world. [303], London's first and to date only cable car is the London Cable Car, which opened in June 2012. [379], London is a major centre for television production, with studios including Television Centre, ITV Studios, Sky Campus and Fountain Studios; the latter hosted the original talent shows, Pop Idol, The X Factor, and Britain's Got Talent, before each format was exported around the world. After the Notting Hill Carnival, it is the second-largest street festival in the United Kingdom attracting over 80,000 visitors. [156] However, the most consecutive days without rain was 73 days in the spring of 1893. [309] The Woolwich Ferry, with 2.5million passengers every year, is a frequent service linking the North and South Circular Roads. [417] Other professional men's teams in London are AFC Wimbledon, Barnet, Bromley, Charlton Athletic, Dagenham & Redbridge, Leyton Orient, Millwall, Queens Park Rangers and Sutton United. Averages are taken from Heathrow, and extremes are taken from stations across London. [292], Some international railway services to Continental Europe were operated during the 20th century as boat trains. [385], The British Library is the second largest library in the world, and the national library of the United Kingdom. So, the City of London Corporation or in legal terms the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London, is the governing body of London's financial district which is sometimes referred to as the "Square Mile.". [95], In 2008, Time named London alongside New York City and Hong Kong as Nylonkong, hailing them as the world's three most influential global cities. [294] There are plans for a second high speed line linking London to the Midlands, North West England, and Yorkshire. The idea of London becoming a city-state resurfaced during the Scottish independence referendum of 2014.

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