THE AUTHOR OF THE REVELATION. In what script did Moses write the Pentateuch? The Apostle Paul wrote, "For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you" (1 Cor. [68], The Gospel of John and the three Johannine epistles exhibit strong resemblances in theology and style; the Book of Revelation has also been traditionally linked with these, but differs from the gospel and letters in style and even theology. Thomas is given a personality beyond a mere name, described as "Doubting Thomas". The Old Testament, or Hebrew Bible, narrates the history of the people of Israel over about a millennium, beginning with God's creation of the world and humankind, and contains the stories,. Conversely, it includes scenes not found in the Synoptics, including Jesus turning water into wine at the wedding at Cana, the resurrection of Lazarus, Jesus washing the feet of his disciples, and multiple visits to Jerusalem. Eight men, some Apostles (those with a direct commission from Jesus Christ to minister in His name and to lead the mission of the Early Church), wrote the epistles of the New Testament over a course of about seventy years, with the Apostle John being the final author (Revelation written in c. 80-85, under Domitian according to a second-century bishop, Irenaeus). [89] The Pharisees, portrayed as more uniformly legalistic and opposed to Jesus in the synoptic gospels, are instead portrayed as sharply divided; they debate frequently in John's accounts. All rights reserved. This is believed to be a more accurate historical depiction of the Pharisees, who made debate one of the tenets of their system of belief. In one of his essays, he wrote that the Bible was different from all the other books in the world. Does inspired mean that God mechanically directed the hand of each biblical author to record Gods own voice? He revealed His Word to us in a way that we could understand, in a way that is accessible, and a way that is both beautiful and unified. The Book of John in Comparison to the Synoptic Gospels. Ezra the scribe wrote the books of Ezra and 1-2 Chronicles. [112] The epistles argue against this view, stressing the eternal existence of the Son of God, the salvific nature of his life and death, and the other elements of the gospel's "high" Christology. [9][10] It most likely arose within a "Johannine community",[11][12] and as it is closely related in style and content to the three Johannine epistles most scholars treat the four books, along with the Book of Revelation, as a single corpus of Johannine literature, albeit not from the same author. The Bible is sufficient for all things in faith and life. The author of Johns Gospel tells us that he has chosen not to record many of the symbolic acts of Jesus and has instead included certain episodes in order that his readers may understand and share in the mystical union of Christs church, that they may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name (20:30). Some clues within the Gospel itself point towards John the Apostle as the author. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. Copyright 1920-2023 Jesus Leadership Training. Resources Insights on the Bible The General Epistles Listen to Chuck Swindoll's overview of Third John in his audio message from the Classic series God's Masterwork. [8] Like the three other gospels, it is anonymous, although it identifies an unnamed "disciple whom Jesus loved" as the source of its traditions. It is the best selling book of all time with over 50 billion copies sold and distributed. These works have been pivotal in understanding Jesuss nature, ministry, and teachings. Right? Well, actually, no. "Paul to TimothyII Timothy 2: 2KJV, We have Ads Running on this site. The emphasis on the deity of Christ is a striking quality of John . Michael A. Milton,PhD (University of Wales; MPA, UNC Chapel Hill; MDiv, Knox Seminary), Dr. Milton is a retired seminary chancellor and currently serves as the James Ragsdale Chair of Missions atErskine Theological Seminary. The Gospels place and date of composition are also uncertain; many scholars suggest that it was written at Ephesus, in Asia Minor, about 100 ce for the purpose of communicating the truths about Christ to Christians of Hellenistic background. The Gospel of John stands apart from the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) in a number of ways, due to its unique perspective, style, and content. [97], While John makes no direct mention of Jesus' baptism,[93][89] he does quote John the Baptist's description of the descent of the Holy Spirit as a dove, as happens at Jesus' baptism in the Synoptics. After Luke and Paul, John is the most prolific New Testament writer, having written the Gospel According to John, the epistles 1, 2, and 3 John, and Revelation. [71] The evangelist almost certainly knew the story of John's baptism of Jesus and he makes a vital theological use of it. And the miracles that it records specifically prove the divinity of the Son of God. The most recent such portrayal is the 2014 film The Gospel of John, directed by David Batty and narrated by David Harewood and Brian Cox, with Selva Rasalingam as Jesus. And the Holy Spirit in the Word recognizes the activity of the Holy Spirit in you and brings the two together. List of Bible Verses about Various Spiritual Topics. In 1 John, John focuses on the truth of Christ (1:1-4), the lifestyle of the authentic believer (1:5-2:14), the believer's relationship with those outside the church (2:15-27), along with a personal exhortation to the believers to love one another and to shine the light of God in their lives (2:28-5:21). [18] These verses imply rather that the core of the gospel relies on the testimony (perhaps written) of the "disciple who is testifying", as collected, preserved and reshaped by a community of followers (the "we" of the passage), and that a single follower (the "I") rearranged this material and perhaps added the final chapter and other passages to produce the final gospel. [82] Gnosticism taught that salvation came from gnosis, secret knowledge, and Gnostics did not see Jesus as a savior but a revealer of knowledge. Teaching Disciples That they may Go and Do Likewise. He summed up this kind of lifestyle in the exhortation to "love one another . He spoke to me through the words of John. Very good! Compiling and ascribing divine inspiration of the Old Covenant Scriptures occurred over time, by consensus, by evidences of unity, self-attestation, personal spiritual devotion, and by liturgical usage in communities. The other sacred texts that we read and theres no reason that we shouldnt read them to learn more about what others believe come off as something more akin to mythology. The Holy Bible is not only inspired. Other factors in favor of this view include the self-identification of "the elder . It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "signs" culminating in the raising of Lazarus (foreshadowing the resurrection of Jesus) and seven "I am" discourses (concerned with issues of the churchsynagogue debate at the time of composition)[3] culminating in Thomas' proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God". [109], In place of the communal emphasis of the Pauline literature, John stresses the personal relationship of the individual to God. In John, Jesus often teaches in extended discourses and metaphors (e.g., I am the bread of life). Updated June 7, 2023 Though believers say that the prophet Moses, Paul the Apostle, and God Himself are the main authors who wrote the Bible, the historical evidence is more complicated. Its less a chronological narrative and more a theological reflection on the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. [50][b], In the prologue, the gospel identifies Jesus as the Logos or Word. A. [4], Scholars agree that while John clearly regards Jesus as divine, he just as clearly subordinates him to the one God. John is traditionally attributed with the authorship of five books of the New Testament: The Gospel of John, three epistles (1, 2, and 3 John), and the Book of Revelation. Thus, that collection of 15 books did not make it into the Canon of Scripture, recognized by the Church as divinely inspired. There are 39 books or collected documents in the Hebrew Bible, the Old Testament, written mostly by Moses, and then, prophets, Kings David and Solomon, priests, and scriveners or scribes. In the Gospel of Mark, John is always mentioned after his brother James, suggesting that John was the younger of the brothers. Just as God sent His only begotten Son to live the life we could never live and die the death that should have been ours, who rose from the grave on the third day, so God wrote the Bible. Well examine this question, weighing the evidence, examining theories, and exploring the history surrounding this enigmatic gospel. As Burdick notes: The earliest confirmed use of 1 John was in the Roman province of Asia (in modern Turkey) where Ephesus was located. However, in Johns writings, these are not indicative of a fully realized cosmological dualism as found in Gnosticism.Knowledge and RevelationBoth Gnostic writings and the Johannine texts put significant emphasis on knowledge, understanding, and revelation, with Jesus being presented as the bringer of divine knowledge. [citation needed], The author may have drawn on a "signs source" (a collection of miracles) for chapters 1-12, a "passion source" for the story of Jesus's arrest and crucifixion, and a "sayings source" for the discourses, but these hypotheses are much debated. They each offer unique perspectives that complement each other to provide a fuller picture of who Jesus is. Israel, was saved from Egypt by action of "the Word of the LORD," both Philo and the Targums envision the Word as being manifested between the cherubim and the Holy of Holies, etc. [65], Scholars disagree both on whether and how frequently John refers to sacraments, but current scholarly opinion is that there are very few such possible references, and that if they exist they are limited to baptism and the Eucharist. About UsContact UsPrayer RequestsPrivacy Policy, Latest AnswersBible LessonsBibleAsk LIVEOnline Bible. [25][26], For much of the 20th century, scholars interpreted the Gospel of John within the paradigm of a hypothetical "Johannine community",[27] meaning that the gospel sprang from a late-1st-century Christian community excommunicated from the Jewish synagogue (probably meaning the Jewish community)[28] on account of its belief in Jesus as the promised Jewish messiah. But the Bible is often clear about who penned its contents. Indeed, the celebrated, late Scottish Bible scholar, John Murray, of Westminster Theological Seminary, began his essay on the subject with a brilliantly simple but carefully crafted summary: CHRISTIANS of varied and diverse theological standpoints aver that the Bible is the Word of God, that it is inspired by the Holy Spirit and that it occupies a unique place as the norm of Christian faith and life.1. Ad revenue is generated off of page views. He is the President ofFaith for Livingand theD. James Kennedy Institutea long-time Presbyterian minister, and Chaplain (Colonel) USA-R. Dr. Milton is the author of more than thirty books and a musician with five albums released. [96] For John, Jesus' town of origin is irrelevant, for he comes from beyond this world, from God the Father. Never forget that after all of the otherevidencesare considered, which they should be, the greatest proof remains the lives that have been transformed by the Spirit of the Living God brooding over His own Word and applying it, with divine intent, to the hearts and minds of those who read.5. Along with James and Peter, John was one of Jesus' closest confidants, so he appears in more biblical accounts than the other disciples. This view helps to explain some of the differences and developments between the Gospel of John and the three Synoptic Gospels.Multiple Authors and RedactionsSome scholars believe that the Gospel of John underwent multiple stages of composition and editing (redaction), potentially by different authors over time. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. v t e Part of a series of articles on John in the Bible Saint John the Evangelist, Domenichino Johannine literature Gospel Epistles First Second Third Revelation Events Authorship Apostle Beloved disciple Evangelist Patmos Presbyter Related literature Apocryphon Acts Signs Gospel See also Johannine community Logos However, the knowledge in Johns Gospel is more relational and salvific, focused on knowing Jesus and the Father, as opposed to the Gnostic idea of salvific knowledge of the divine realm and the self. Why would Lazarus's name be mentioned in chapters 11-12 but then left shrouded in subsequent accounts? First of all, the author had to have been an eyewitness of the ministry of Jesus ( 1:14; 19:35; 21:24 ). Mike, this weekend I want you to read two books in the Apocrypha. The Authorship of 1 John It is important to begin with a discussion of authorship, in light of the christological controversy which permeates the three Johannine letters. Certain elements within the Gospel, such as shifts in style and contradictions in narrative, suggest that multiple authors may have been involved in its composition. Whether it was John the Apostle, a community of his followers, or some other early Christian group, understanding the Gospels authorship opens the door to a deeper understanding of its unique message and theological richness. Please note that these dates and authors are estimates based on scholarly consensus and historical research, but exact dates and authors remain a topic of ongoing discussion among scholars.BookTraditional AuthorEstimated Date WrittenMatthewMatthewAD 8090MarkJohn MarkAD 6070LukeLukeAD 6080JohnJohnAD 8595ActsLukeAD 6080RomansPaulAD 55581 CorinthiansPaulAD 53542 CorinthiansPaulAD 5556GalatiansPaulAD 4850EphesiansPaulAD 6062PhilippiansPaulAD 6062ColossiansPaulAD 60621 ThessaloniansPaulAD 50512 ThessaloniansPaulAD 50521 TimothyPaulAD 62642 TimothyPaulAD 6467TitusPaulAD 6264PhilemonPaulAD 6062HebrewsUnknown, traditionally PaulAD 6070JamesJames, brother of JesusAD 45501 PeterPeterAD 60642 PeterPeterAD 65681 JohnJohnAD 85952 JohnJohnAD 85953 JohnJohnAD 8595JudeJude, brother of JesusAD 6080RevelationJohnAD 9096. Acts 1:1-2 appears to tie the two books to the same author. Ashgate Publishing, 2014, p. 28-30, Authorship of the Johannine works Gospel of John, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Bible verses not included in modern translations, "Early New Testament Manuscripts and Their Dates: A Critique of Theological Palaeography", "Part II: The Jesus Movements Johannine Christianity", "The Fourth Gospel as the Testimony of the Beloved Disciple", "John 4: 442: Defining A Modus Vivendi Between Jews and the Samaritans", "The Historical Jesus in the Fourth Gospel: A Paradigm Shift? [11] Most scholars estimate the final form of the text to be around AD 90110. Events are not all in the same order: the date of the crucifixion is different, as is the time of Jesus' anointing in Bethany and the cleansing of the Temple, which occurs in the beginning of Jesus' ministry rather than near its end. He sat under others. The content, style, and vocabulary seem to warrant the conclusion that these three epistles were addressed to the same readers as the Gospel of John. The earth shall soon dissolve like snow, The sun forbear to shine; But God, who call'd me here below, Will be forever mine. They also include many of the same parables and miracle stories. However, Johns Christology remains firmly rooted in Jewish monotheism and does not adhere to the Gnostic separation of the divine Christ from the human Jesus. You are witnesses of these things (Luke 24:44-48). Reconceptualizing Johannine Theology and the Roots of Gnosticism", "The Q-Logion Mt 11, 27 / Lk 10, 22 and the Gospel of John", "How on Earth Did Jesus Become a God? Omissions? Thus, Johns aim is not so much biographical or historical as it is theological. While Jesuss divinity is clear, theres more emphasis on his role as a healer, exorcist, and proclaimer of the kingdom. [76] To say the Gospel of John contained elements of Gnosticism is to assume that Gnosticism had developed to a level that required the author to respond to it. John began his second epistle proclaiming his love for "the chosen lady and her children," a love he shared with those who know the truth ( 2 John 1:1 ). Check your inbox or spam folder to confirm your subscription. Further, the Beloved Disciple texts occur only after Lazarus is introduced in chapter 11. Psalm 19 is divided into two parts. Gods Spirit breathed out His Word. But this solution is unlikely. According to Stephen Harris, the gospel adapted Philo's description of the Logos, applying it to Jesus, the incarnation of the Logos. [59] The Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo merged these two themes when he described the Logos as God's creator of and mediator with the material world. [61], The portrayal of Jesus' death in John is unique among the four Gospels. Please remember, while these roles are widely accepted, they are based on traditional Christian beliefs and interpretations of the Bible, which can vary among different Christian denominations and scholars. Peter, Paul, and the New Testament writers agree with Jesus: The Bible is the Word of God by virtue of His ministry through chosen vessels to reveal His intent. He leads a ministry of baptism larger than John's own. Faithful gospel preachers, therefore, were not inspired themselves or of their own accord. [24] Recent arguments by Richard Bauckham and others that the Gospel of John preserves eyewitness testimony have not won general acceptance. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit (2 Peter 1:21 ESV). The gospel has been depicted in live narrations and dramatized in productions, skits, plays, and Passion Plays, as well as in film. Women Resources for Christian Leaders, seeking to Lead their Congregations and Spread the Gospel of Jesus Christ. However, modern biblical scholarship often points to the Johannine community, a group of followers of John, as the possible authors. In fact, biblical writers write unequivocally that the Bible is divine over 3,000 times!2 Dr. Michael J. Kruger, a noted New Testament scholar, rightly affirmed, the Bible bears evidence within itself of its own divine origins.3, One of those places of self-attestation is in the Psalms. My smile communicated that No, I didnt recognize God attesting to His own Word in the reading of the non-canonical books. He refers to the fact that Jesus came as the living expression of the mind, will, and character of the Father, and shows it in 26 instances. But who wrote John in the Bible? He presents Him as the Creator of all things and the Source of truth and life. Bible Based.We believe in solo-scriptura. But he presents the information that are suited to confirm the great essential truths of the gospel. Real Questions. [29] This interpretation, which saw the community as essentially sectarian and standing outside the mainstream of early Christianity, has been increasingly challenged in the first decades of the 21st century,[30] and there is currently considerable debate over the social, religious and historical context of the gospel. Some argue the Gospel of John was written not by a single individual but by a community of followersreferred to as the Johannine communitythat developed its unique understanding and interpretation of Jesuss life and teachings over time. Dunn sees this view as intended to serve the Logos Christology,[42] while others (e.g.,Andrew Loke) see it as connected to the incarnation theme in John. In John, Jesuss ministry involves several trips to Jerusalem and focuses less on Galilee. [86], The Gospel of John is significantly different from the synoptic gospels in the selection of its material, its theological emphasis, its chronology, and literary style, with some of its discrepancies amounting to contradictions. This view helps to explain some of the differences and developments between the Gospel of John and the three Synoptic Gospels. Like the Old Testament, the New Testament was not compiled by a committee or council. Revelation 1:9 states: "I, John, both your brother and companion in tribulation. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [44] However, while the developed doctrine of the Trinity is not explicit in the books that constitute the New Testament, the New Testament possesses a triadic understanding of God[45] and contains a number of Trinitarian formulas. When we meet Matthew, he's a tax collector for Rome. Join us on a journey into the past, that stretches from the early days of Christianity to modern biblical scholarship. He is traditionally seen as a pillar of the Jerusalem church and later appears to have worked in Ephesus. It is important to say that there is a difference between inspiration and illumination. There are theories of canonization of selected books by councils (e.g., the General Assembly of rabbis and scholars in 450 BC). Thus, the author of Johns Gospel does not merely narrate a series of events but singles out details that support an ordered theological interpretation of those events. The Synoptics follow a similar chronological narrative, starting with Jesuss baptism and ending with his crucifixion and resurrection. Despite these different perspectives, its worth noting that the Gospel of John, regardless of its authorship, has been accepted as canonical and holds significant spiritual and theological importance within Christianity. The author begins his account with a pronouncement on the incarnation that clearly intimates Genesis (In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.). The singular message, the scarlet thread of truth that binds each of the books together as one, the witness of Jesus of Nazareth, and the witness of the Holy Spirit all converge to make the Bible, alone against all other revered texts, a revelation of God to Man. Although the Gospel is ostensibly written by St. John the Apostle, the beloved disciple of Jesus, there has been considerable discussion of the actual identity of the author. Exploring the Depths of Successful Church Growth, 8/1/2023 Just Created a Series on Bible Symbolism, 8/15/2023 Just Created a Started a Series on Jesus, 8/20/2023 - We have begun to add Emojies to our lessons in an effort to better Reach the Younger - Greg, Leading Missionary Teams for 40 Years"Where Their is No Vision - The People Perish" KJVProverbs 29:18" As Iron Sharpens Iron - So One Person Sharpens Another"Proverbs 27:17"And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses,the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. The "secondary cause" for the Bible's triumph, in Wright's view, can be put simply: losers rule. "[5][6], John reached its final form around AD 90110,[7] although it contains signs of origins dating back to AD 70 and possibly even earlier. "I was feeling sad today," they wrote, "so I asked ChatGPT to write a fake biblical passage about Jesus accepting trans people." The results truly sound like they could be ripped from a page of . John presents Jesus Christ as the incarnate expression of God that made salvation possible. When John wrote his gospel at the close of the 1st century, three major troubles threatened the Christian church. They had the privilege of experiencing things with Jesus that the other disciples didn't. One of the greatest of these happened when they were with Jesus on the mountain and saw his transfiguration. [1] Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215 AD), as quoted by the church historian Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 263-339 AD) denotes the following: Again, in the same books Clement has set down a tradition which he had received from the elders before him, in regard to the order of the Gospels, to the following effect. 1. "A Kryptic Model of the Incarnation." He, along with Peter and James, formed the inner circle of Jesuss disciples and were present during specific significant events, such as the transfiguration of Jesus and Jesus agony in the garden of Gethsemane.Witness to CrucifixionAs the Beloved Disciple, John is traditionally believed to have been the only one of the Twelve Apostles who did not forsake Jesus in His hour of need and stood by Jesus at the foot of the cross during His crucifixion.Caretaker of MaryBefore His death, Jesus entrusted the care of His mother, Mary, to John, an act seen as a testament to His trust and love for the apostle.EvangelistAfter Jesuss ascension, John played a crucial role in spreading the gospel and establishing the early Christian church. [92], John lacks scenes from the Synoptics such as Jesus' baptism,[93] the calling of the Twelve, exorcisms, parables, and the Transfiguration. So, John, the survivor of the twelve apostles, was convicted to write a book to help the believers see a clear picture of the Savior. The Bible attests to the authorship of the Almighty in numerous places. Parts of the gospel have been set to music. [68][69] This is largely accomplished through the consistently singular grammatical structure of various aphoristic sayings of Jesus throughout the gospel. "[70], John's account of John the Baptist is different from that of the synoptic gospels. Some, such as Nicodemus, even go so far as to be at least partially sympathetic to Jesus. In this respect, the gospel supplements the synoptic gospels. The apostle John identified himself in 3 John only as "the elder" ( 3 John 1:1 ), the same as he did in 2 John. One such setting is Steve Warner's power anthem "Come and See", written for the 20th anniversary of the Alliance for Catholic Education and including lyrical fragments taken from the Book of Signs. Author: 1, 2, and 3 John have from earliest times been attributed to the apostle John, who also wrote the Gospel of John. Baker Books, 2012. 1:1). For the films, see, "John (book)" redirects here. Amen (The Book of Common Prayer). For other uses, see. 3. Agur and Lemuel wrote some of the Proverbs. [91] The gospel makes extensive use of the Jewish scriptures:[90] John quotes from them directly, references important figures from them, and uses narratives from them as the basis for several of the discourses. [89] Most scholars consider John not to contain any parables. Estimates for the time of writing the Gospel of John range from the late first century to the early second century A.D. Its generally agreed that the gospel was likely penned in Ephesus, a major city in ancient Asia Minor, now modern-day Turkey. On Monday, he asked me, Well, Mike, what is the answer? He begins the body of his book by saying that it is from John to the Seven Churches in Asia (Rev. The Gospel of John[a] (Ancient Greek: , romanized:Euanglion kat Innn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. Johns Gospel differs from the Synoptic Gospels in several ways: it covers a different time span than the others; it locates much of Jesus ministry in Judaea; and it portrays Jesus discoursing at length on theological matters. And as an eye witness, he affirms that he could have told much more. 1:4). John first confirms that he was an eye witness to Jesus saying: we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace and truth (John 1:14). Defending Inerrancy: Affirming the Accuracy of Scripture for a New Generation. The book of John differs from the synoptic gospels in that it records nothing of such events as the baptism, the transfiguration, or the experience in Gethsemane. The Word of God is inspired by the Holy Spirit God breathed out (2 Timothy 3:16) through the instrument of human beings. Now, did you have that same reaction from reading the Apocrypha? I smiled at Dr. Harris. [31] Nevertheless, the Johannine literature as a whole (made up of the gospel, the three Johannine epistles, and Revelation), points to a community holding itself distinct from the Jewish culture from which it arose while cultivating an intense devotion to Jesus as the definitive revelation of a God with whom they were in close contact through the Paraclete. Updates? Gerald Irvin Williamson, The Westminster Confession of Faith: For Study Classes(Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company, 1964). province of Asia. [7] Given its complex history there may have been more than one place of composition, and while the author was familiar with Jewish customs and traditions, his frequent clarification of these implies that he wrote for a mixed Jewish/Gentile or Jewish context outside Palestine. Claims of Divine Authorship, Answers in Genesis.3. This view is based on early church tradition and the idea that the author was an eyewitness to the events described.Johannine School or CommunityMany scholars now believe that the Gospel of John was written by a group or community of people (often called the Johannine community) who were followers of John. John, from the very beginning, presents Jesus in . The sacred texts, preserved by Israel as Gods Word to them, were more formally recognized, particularly, after the Babylonian Captivity. Rather it contains metaphorical stories or allegories, such as those of the Good Shepherd and of the True Vine, in which each individual element corresponds to a specific person, group, or thing.

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