2019, p. 199). and local newspapers at least 15 days before the hearing. Aquifer water levels where the blindcats reside show no evidence of long-term decline, even at times of prolonged drought and unregulated pumping (Maclay 1995, pp. This generally means that we will post any personal information you provide us (see Information Requested, below, for more information). (10/23/2023) 3236; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018, pp. We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before October 23, 2023. The Act encourages cooperation with the States and other countries and calls for recovery actions to be carried out for listed species. e.g., Therefore, both species meet the Act's definition of an endangered species rather than that of a threatened species. WebCameroon The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender. Looking back, in Wednesday, 09 August 2023. The country has seen a change in density from 9.2604 people/km since the 1950 to 61.4683 people/km in 2023. 55 (June 2023). 5461, 8795). While pumping has resulted in the directly mortality of both species, groundwater quantity to support habitat for the fishes has not experienced change from historical conditions. from 28,647,293 people to 87,093,219 people. The recovery planning process involves the identification of actions that are necessary to halt and reverse the species' decline by addressing the threats to its survival and recovery. Recovery teams (composed of species experts, Federal and State agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and stakeholders) may be established to develop and implement recovery plans. We will post all comments on Today, Cameroon has an average life expectancy of 61.9193 years of age. Prior to well drilling and extraction of groundwater from the Edwards Aquifer in the late 19th century, the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat were unaffected by anthropogenic surface activities given the substantial depth of their habitat and the layers of impermeable rock that separated that habitat from the surface. WebThe population in Limbe for 2023 is 96 629. 2023: 6870; Zara Environmental 2010, p. 68; 2020, p. 10). https://www.regulations.gov. A complete list of references cited in this proposed rule is available on the internet at Jul 12, 2023. 1315). The overall population stands at around 2,300 individuals, of which there are estimated to be fewer than 300 individuals in Bnou National Park. 406407, 415). The toothless blindcat is believed to be a detrivore that feeds on bacterial biofilms. should verify the contents of the documents against a final, official , above) with any specific questions on section 7 consultation and conference requirements. ; Egypt ranks number 14 in the list of countries (and Flow at that rate over 12 months would result in discharge of 33,134,800 m3 Here are the 10 countries with the highest poverty rate: Equatorial Guinea: 76.8% . All data from sources are archived for future reference. Cameroon portal; Religion portal; We reach this conclusion largely because of the nature of the main threat for these species: direct mortality resulting from groundwater well pumping (Factor E). Although the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat are only proposed for listing under the Act at this time, please let us know if you are interested in participating in recovery efforts for these species. e.g., 11,747,774. Although the conference procedures are required only when an action is likely to result in jeopardy or adverse modification, action agencies may voluntarily confer with the Service on actions that may affect species proposed for listing or critical habitat proposed to be designated. We find that mortality resulting from the pumping of groundwater wells (Factor E) is the primary threat to both species. Section 7(a)(2) states that each Federal action agency shall, in consultation with the Secretary, ensure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. 2010, pp. In the early 1990s, federal litigation ( Cameroon Population grow with 740,864 We also consider the cumulative effect of the threats in light of those actions and conditions that will have positive effects on the species, such as any existing regulatory mechanisms or conservation efforts. Cameroon Population (2023 Cameroon Catch per unit effort was expressed as volume of groundwater exiting a well to produce one individual of either species. Certain exceptions to these prohibitions apply to employees or agents of the Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service, other Federal land management agencies, and State conservation agencies. 213214, 217; Graening et al. Tackling discriminatory gender norms in Cameroon. The recovery outline guides the immediate implementation of urgent recovery actions while a recovery plan is being developed. Cameroon Economic Outlook This document has been published in the Federal Register. Start Printed Page 57053 e.g., One peer reviewer questioned assumptions related to groundwater well mortality and habitat connectivity. Additional information sources may include any generalized conservation strategy, criteria, or outline that may have been developed for the species; the recovery plan for the species; articles in peer-reviewed journals; conservation plans developed by States and counties; scientific status surveys and studies; biological assessments; other unpublished materials; or experts' opinions or personal knowledge. Given these impacts and the limited range of both species, it is unlikely that even relatively robust populations of the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat could indefinitely sustain continued losses from well mortality. As of 2023, around 96 percent of the population of Zambia was Christian, representing the highest percentage on the continent. Three wells that produced toothless blindcats (one of which also produced widemouth blindcats) are presumed to still operate, as we do not have access to the wells to confirm, nor do we have evidence to the contrary. These losses of individual fish to groundwater wells over time suggest that both species were, and will continue to be, impacted from actively pumped wells. 7475). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Taxa such as orange roughy ( 78, 109, 152; Hardberger 2019, pp. The value of 78.1 % shows that the pressure on productive population in Cameroon is very high. Population Pyramids - Population Pyramid of Cameroon at 2023. In our final rule, we will clearly explain our rationale and the basis for our final decisions, including why we made changes, if any, that differ from this proposal. The recovery of many listed species cannot be accomplished solely on Federal lands because their ranges may occur primarily or solely on non-Federal lands. Cameroon Cameroon The lethal discharge of the species through groundwater wells could potentially impact the populations directly, with an estimated cumulative loss of thousands of individuals. World Bank staff estimates based on age/sex distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision. . 978980; Lundberg et al. As far as age distribution goes, 51.9% of population (14,500,777) is 19 or younger, 45.0% of population (12,569,018) is between age 20 and 64 and 3.2% of population (889,001) is over 65. The current life expectancy for Cameroon in 2023 is 60.32 years, a 0.52% increase from 2022.; The life expectancy for Cameroon in 2022 was 60.01 years, a 0.52% increase from 2021.; The life expectancy Improve the respect of the fundamental human rights of 1.2 million vulnerable people affected by crisis. (2) Specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by the species at the time it is listed, upon a determination that such areas are essential for the conservation of the species. Cameroon 4344). Web49. According to the latest data, Cameroon is set to 2004, pp. Information about this document as published in the Federal Register. Recovery plans also establish a framework for agencies to coordinate their recovery efforts and provide estimates of the cost of implementing recovery tasks. Canada 38,516,736 (2023 est.) As we can see the Cameroon population pyramid has an expanding type. WebChart and table of population level and growth rate for the Douala, Cameroon metro area from 1950 to 2023. harvesting pressure due to reduced reproductive capacity (Adams 1980, p. 7; Whiterod et al. Cameroon establishing the XML-based Federal Register as an ACFR-sanctioned Aaron O'Neill , Jul 12, 2023. The widemouth blindcat has not been observed at a well since the mid-1980s, and toothless blindcat has only been expelled from a single groundwater well multiple times between 2008 and 2013 and from 2020 to 2022. Based on the new information we receive (and, if relevant, any comments on that new information), we may conclude that one or both of these species is threatened instead of endangered, or we may conclude that one or both of these species does not warrant listing as either an endangered species or a threatened species. 603608; White 2012, pp. A Kordofan As we assume the blindcats have long lifespans, the likelihood that individuals will encounter the capture zone of an active groundwater well increases over time. a decrease WebBy top-engineering-schools | January 27, 2023. If we determine that a species warrants listing, we must list the species promptly and designate the species' critical habitat to the maximum extent prudent and determinable. Literacy rate for adult female population is 68.88% (5,784,044 persons). 421, 425). Since we have determined that the present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of both species' habitat or range is not a threat to the toothless blindcat and the widemouth blindcat, in accordance with 50 CFR 424.12(a)(1), we determine that designation of critical habitat is not prudent for the toothless blindcat and the widemouth blindcat. Microbes involved in chemolithoautotrophy include a wide range of bacteria and fungi adapted to 2004, pp. population literacy" is based on the latest data published by UNESCO Institute for Statistics (retrieved March 13, 2016) Further, our Policy on Information Standards Under the Endangered Species Act (published in the (E) Other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued existence. (e) Past and ongoing conservation measures for these species, their habitats, or both. Cameroon 2937, 4445). that agencies use to create their documents. 13, 22). Population of Cameroon 2023 - PopulationPyramid.net Cameroon population 2023 e.g., Cameroon Population (2023 When the median age of Cameroon will reach 32.8382 years of age, by the year 2100. Cameroon has a population of 28,647,293 people, as of July 1, 2023. This is set to improve even further in the future when Cameroon is projected to record an infant mortality rate of only 18.5553 infant deaths for every 1,000 live births, by the year 2100. WebQuick facts about the population of Cameroon Current population (as of Tuesday, August 22, 2023) 28,686,039 Population rank 52 (0.35% of world population) Total area 2004, pp. Les partenaires humanitaires appellent la communaut internationale et les donateurs continuer faire la diffrence dans la vie des personnes les plus vulnrables au Cameroun. 145146), the extensive estimated mortality from groundwater wells has likely taken a toll on those potential numbers. The Ozark cavefish ( The highest catch per unit effort for both the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat comes from estimates for the Artesia Pump Station Well, with one toothless blindcat caught with every 65,000 m3 15351539). by MO91CA069, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas) directed the Service to make determinations regarding minimum spring flows and aquifer levels necessary to support listed species occurring in the Comal Spring and San Marcos Spring systems. The country has a population density of 61.4683 people per square kilometer. Satan eurystomus), two cavefish species from the Edwards Aquifer in Bexar County, Texas, as endangered species under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). As discussed above, certain activities that are prohibited under section 9 may be permitted under section 10 of the Act. Under the Act and our implementing regulations, a species may warrant listing if it is in danger of extinction or likely to become so in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Please check your download folder. Douala, Cameroon Metro Area Population 1950 As of the beginning of 2023 according to our estimates Cameroon had the following population age distribution: We prepared a simplified model of the population distribution pyramid which is broken down into 3 main age groups. No toothless blindcat or widemouth blindcat expelled from groundwater wells has survived for any extended period, and many specimens are ejected mangled and dead due to battering as they are forced to the surface. 3534, 3236; Itvaara et al. The response plan recognizes that each crisis requires a distinct approach. 6768). We, the U.S. It's also just a day's drive within 50% of all of North America 's population. Cameroon 12). The population density of Cameroon has changed from 18.2 in 1980 to 56.3 in 2021. Extraction of groundwater from wells represented a new and nearly constant stressor impacting both species' populations. This ratio shows the pressure on productive population produced by the dependent part of population. Aged dependency ratio is a ratio of people above working age (65+) to workforce of a country. 50.1 percent of Cameroons population is female, while 49.9 percent of the population is male. Examples of discretionary actions for the toothless blindcat and the widemouth blindcat that may be subject to conference and consultation procedures under section 7 are land management or other landscape-altering activities on Federal lands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as well as actions on State, Tribal, local, or private lands that require a Federal permit (such as a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 2025 391,000 All life stages of the blindcats are expected to experience mortality due to the action of groundwater wells. The We conducted a thorough analysis of threats to groundwater quality in terms of degradation due to pollutants and other contaminants and threats to groundwater quantity in the form of pumping and climate change. Current Condition, Well mortality has likely reduced the abundances of both blindcats along with effects on demographic structure in the form of lower numbers of sexually mature fish, reduced reproductive output, and diminished recruitment of younger individuals. The toothless blindcat lacks teeth, and its jaw is thin and papery with a funnel-like mouth positioned ventrally below the snout (Hubbs and Bailey 1947, pp. Wells extracting groundwater have the potential to remove blindcats at all life stages given that motile life stages move through water-saturated voids and are thus likely pelagic. your entire submissionincluding any personal identifying informationwill be posted on the website. Education in Cameroon This data is the foundation for most content and visualization found on this page. Cameroon - Population Density (people Per Sq. The use of virtual public hearings is consistent with our regulations at 50 CFR 424.16(c)(3). The group makes up 18% of the total population. Separatists have also carried out attacks on communities believed to be collaborating In Statista. The SSA report further details the methodology and rationale for creating these units (Service 2022, pp. Furthermore, the life history traits of both species suggest that sustained loss of individuals, especially sexually mature fish, can result in reduced population sizes and changes in demographic structure in the form of lower numbers of sexually mature fish, reduced reproductive output, and diminished recruitment of younger individuals. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to list the toothless blindcat ( Accordingly, we propose to amend part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as set forth below: 1. Cameroon Methods: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Popline, Scopus and BDSP were searched through November 2018, for hypertension studies among Cameroonians aged They say they have lost sleep over the invasion as the powerful steps of these mammals are heard More than 1,500 wells were drilled in Bexar County by 1953, with 250 wells being large capacity ( Chart and table of Cameroon population from 1950 to 2023. 45; Heppell et al. Individuals of both species are forced up artesian and pumped wells where they are physically damaged and killed. Cameroon ranks 55 in terms of population in the world - 0.31% of all inhabitants of the Earth. WebChart and table of Cameroon life expectancy from 1950 to 2023. Files available for download (1) 2023 HAC appeal (PDF, 5 MB) Situation report. larvae or fry) of either species have been reported to date. Estimated lifespans of other cavefish range from 8 to 45 years (Niemiller and Poulson 2010, p. 226; Trajano 1997, p. 367; Trajano 2001, pp. Why we need to publish a rule. 211212). Also, like other cavefishes (Niemiller and Poulson 2010, pp. Basic Statistic Total population of Cameroon 2028; Basic Statistic (June 29, 2023). decrease Estimates of well mortality also only apply to assumed losses of larger juvenile and adult fishes. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. The recovery planning process begins with development of a recovery outline made available to the public soon after a final listing determination. In 2009, the government adopted Cameroon Vision 2035, a development framework which aims to make Cameroon an emerging, democratic, and united country in diversity by 2035.The Vision identifies a number of important goals, such as alleviating poverty, joining the ranks of middle-income and newly industrialized 213214, 217). In addition, the designation of critical habitat would not provide otherwise unavailable information to guide conservation efforts for these species. is likely . In the Search box, enter FWSR2ES20230069, which is the docket number for this rulemaking. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. 187188). 3741). In 2019, jointly with the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Service issued a final rule that revised the regulations in 50 CFR part 424 regarding how we add, remove, and reclassify endangered and threatened species and the criteria for designating listed species' critical habitat (84 FR 45020; August 27, 2019). designation would not be prudent in the following circumstances: (i) The species is threatened by taking or other human activity and identification of critical habitat can be expected to increase the degree of such threat to the species; (ii) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of a species' habitat or range is not a threat to the species, or threats to the species' habitat stem solely from causes that cannot be addressed through management actions resulting from consultations under section 7(a)(2) of the Act; (iii) Areas within the jurisdiction of the United States provide no more than negligible conservation value, if any, for a species occurring primarily outside the jurisdiction of the United States; (iv) No areas meet the definition of critical habitat; or. As of September 28, 2022, the Texas Water Development Board (2022, unpaginated) lists 307 active wells, at depths of more than 300 m (984 ft), that access the artesian zone of the Edwards Aquifer in Bexar County. These numbers could be higher still considering the remaining active wells for which pumped data are not available. If the action may affect the listed species itself (such as for occupied critical habitat), the Federal agency would have already been required to consult with the Service even absent the designation because of the requirement to ensure that the action is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the species. WebChart and table of population level and growth rate for the Bafoussam, Cameroon metro area from 1950 to 2023. Columbus 1998, p. 617; Delord 2007, p. 659; Bull et al. Accordingly about 4,196,574 adults are illiterate. (v) The Secretary otherwise determines that designation of critical habitat would not be prudent based on the best scientific data available. 2004, pp. Cameroon (16,240 ac-ft). WebEconomic growth is expected to accelerate to 4.6% in 2023 and 4.7% in 2024, but spillovers from Russias war in Ukraine present major risks (IMF). It appears that you have attempted to comment on this document before 2004, pp. We particularly seek comments concerning: (1) The species' biology, ranges, and population trends, including: (a) Biological or ecological requirements of the species, including habitat requirements for feeding, breeding, and sheltering; (c) Historical and current ranges, including distribution patterns and the locations of any additional populations of these species; (d) Historical and current population levels, and current and projected trends; and. Start Printed Page 57054 WebCameroon - Cameroon - Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religions: The country has been described as an ethnic crossroads because of its more than 200 different ethnic groups. 2017, pp. Individuals outside the United States should use the relay services offered within their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in the United States. On 2 January 2023 Cameroons military deployed troops to Oku, Kumboo and Kakiri districts near the border of Nigeria in response to armed separatists allegedly sealing markets and threatening or abducting civilians who did not comply with their orders. Country Fact Sheet | UN Women Data Hub The sex ratio of the total population was The impact of groundwater well mortality on toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat populations could be substantial, with the potential to expel substantial numbers of toothless blindcats and widemouth blindcats over their operational lifespans (see (105 ac-ft) of groundwater (see Table 1 below; Longley and Karnei 1978a, pp. In Cameroon there are 61.47 people per square kilometers (0.386102 square miles), if spaced out evenly. 1: 31 March 2023, Cameroon: North-West and South-West - Situation Report No. This performance will be driven by public investments in projects such as the hydroelectric dam of Lom-Pangar and Nachtigal and the port of Kribi. Mar 27, 2023. Population 28M. 89; Vrs et al. Population of concern: 2023 budget as approved by the Executive Committee in October 2022. Cameroon population 2023 percentage points when compared to data from previous year. This page was last edited on 19 August 2023, at 05:50 (UTC). Madagascar: 70.7% . Adequate population size at sufficient density is needed for both species to access mates for reproduction and withstand stochastic events. 19, 42; Lindgren et al. Subterranean networks of water-filled conduits can facilitate gene flow through the water-filled voids of aquifers (Chippindale 2009, pp. Researchers who have sampled groundwater wells for the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat have developed catch-per-unit-effort estimates for their sampling efforts (Longley and Karnei 1978a, pp. edition of the Federal Register. Population Listing a species as an endangered or threatened species can be completed only by issuing a rule through the Administrative Procedure Act rulemaking process (5 U.S.C. 27, 29, 3236; RECON Environmental, Inc. 2021, pp. Federal actions not affecting listed species or critical habitatand actions on State, Tribal, local, or private lands that are not federally funded, authorized, or carried out by a Federal agencydo not require section 7 consultation. 13175 (Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments), and the Department of the Interior's manual at 512 DM 2, we readily acknowledge our responsibility to communicate meaningfully with federally recognized Tribes on a government-to-government basis. We are required by E.O.s 12866 and 12988 and by the Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain language. Bamenda Urban Area Population Projections. Afghanistan: Snapshot of Population Movements (January to July Designation of critical habitat would not provide any additional protective measures or benefits that address this specific threat. If a determination is made that the action may affect listed species or critical habitat, formal consultation is required (see 50 CFR 402.14(a)), unless the Service concurs in writing that the action is not likely to adversely affect listed species or critical habitat. The next stage involved an assessment of the historical and current condition of each species' demographics and habitat characteristics, including an explanation of how the species arrived at its current condition. Research on other cavefishes and deep-sea fishes with similar life history traits suggests that sustained loss of individuals, especially sexually mature fish, can result in reduced population sizes and changes in demographic structure. Abandoned and plugged wells would have also contributed to past mortality during their operational lifespans. i.e., Bafoussam Urban Area Population Projections. In accordance with our joint policy on peer review published in the Cameroon population: Life Expectancy at Age 60 (e60) - Female 53. On an annual basis, wells may operate for several continuous months during the growing season for agricultural irrigation or nearly year-round for industrial and public water supply. 4, 68). Although population sizes for the toothless blindcat and widemouth blindcat may have historically been large, we project that

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