It is made up of a . Not defined in IRC 907 or the regulations under that section. One of our academic counsellors will contact you within 1 working day. 1.907(c)-1(a)(5) states that FOGEI does not include income to the extent attributable to marketing, distributing, processing or transporting minerals or primary products. Destructive distillation and related processes are in effect the modern industrial descendants of traditional charcoal burning crafts. To be injected into the reservoir to increase pressure and drive fluids towards producing wells. The heating or partial burning of wood to make charcoal yields tar as a byproduct and is an ancient method for the production of both tar and pitch. Fuel in homes and industries which can be supplied through pipes. To help learners, we have created a list of various applications of destructive distillation. Treas. The modern processes are sophisticated and require careful engineering to produce the most valuable possible products from the available feedstocks.[5][6]. For example, when comparable costs of transportation or processing are available, taxpayers and IEs may be able to estimate the value of FOGEI through netback adjustments to the sales price of the oil or gas. The mass of the product will represent only a part of the mass of the feedstock, because much of the material remains as char, ash, and non-volatile tars. This causes the decomposition of coal into different products that can be solid and gaseous. It is a process used for separation of a mixture into its components by heating the mixture till the fractions separate out. Coal consists of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen and sulphur (small amount). 1.613-4(d)(4) to determine gross income from mining of hard minerals for purposes of determining allowable percentage depletion. Heating: fuel is also used to generate heat, Electricity production: different fuels such as coal, petrol, natural gas and diesel are used to generate electricity in power plants, Industrial usage: many industries use fuels for different purposes such as producing electricity, running their machinery and heating, Rockets and other space vehicles: fuels called propellants are used in rockets that help in launching the space vehicles, It should not emit poisonous gases on burning, It should produce large amounts of heat with respect to its mass (it should have a high calorific value), It should be easy to transport and handle, It should be clean and should not produce many ashes, It should not ignite easily at room temperature. October 12, 2004, MEMORANDUM FOR INDUSTRY DIRECTORS, LMSB No Board Exams for Class 12: Students Safety First! National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Neuropsychological effects of exposure to naphtha among automotive workers. The regulations under IRC 907 do not provide specific methods for determining FMV in the immediate vicinity of the well but provide that all the facts and circumstances that exist in the particular case must be considered. 3, pp. It is used for the separation of natural gas, kerosene oil, etc. Natural gas is a fossil fuel found naturally as a hydrocarbon gas mixture in the oil wells. Representative sales normally include sales after the above described tasks have been completed. In applying these formulas to determine FOGEI, gross sales would be the sales of the extracted oil or gas product. This is usually in the form of ash, char, and non-volatile tar. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20224 Reg. The proportionate profits method is similar in concept to the proportionate profits method used in Treas. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY The process of separating the various components of petroleum from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. 22, 12790-12793 (2017). However, some fractions of these distillates are known to have the ability to undergo polymerization and form relatively large molecules. As such they are of industrial significance in many regions, such as Scandinavia. New Exam Pattern for CBSE Class 9, 10, 11, 12: All you Need to Study the Smart Way, Not the Hard Way Tips by askIITians, Best Tips to Score 150-200 Marks in JEE Main. A. Mustafin, A. F. Akhmetov, A. G. Mustafin, et. Chemistry Coal & Petroleum Part 7 (Destructive distillation - YouTube Want to know more about this Super Coaching ? Isoprene is obtained by destructive distillation of natural rubber. There the formula is: mining costs/total costsx gross sales = gross income from mining DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF COAL - YouTube This is done inside a distillation apparatus, and the volatile products are collected during the pyrolysis. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. A. I. Yusevich, E. I. Grushova, M. A. Timoshkina, et al., 1, No. Finar Organic Chemistry vol 1 ( 4th.ed.) Kadieva, Neftekhimiya, 53, No. 12, 18-23 (2016). Coal oil - Wikipedia Coal is extracted from the ground with a process called mining. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-022-01399-z, access via Based on a review of applicable statutes and regulations (see Attachment 1), certain assets used with respect to producing wells and converting raw well effluent into marketable crude oil and natural gas should be classified as FOGEI assets. Google Scholar. Historically, the destructive distillation of coal has resulted in the production of commercial goods like coke, coal gas, gaseous carbon, coal tar, ammonia liquor, and coal oil. In contrast, combustion consumes most of the organic matter, and the net weight of the products amount to roughly the same mass as the fuel and oxidant consumed. Destructive distillation can be employed to obtain methanol and turpentine from wood. A. Mustafin, R. N. Galiakhmetov, O. M. Sudakova, et al., Bashkirskii Khimicheskii Zhurnal, 24, 82-87 (2017). Questions about this directive should be directed to FTC Management (IBC) PN, Cindy Kim or DCE PN, Louis Elizondo at or Petroleum Industry, Robert McCann. IRC 613A(e)(2) Natural gas. Continue reading to learn about destructive distillation, its process, products, comparison with fractional distillation, and applications along with FAQs. Shopping cart Two products formed after the destructive distillation of wood are turpentine & methanol. Furthermore, the destructive distillation of wood is also known to leave behind a residue of solid charcoal, a substance that has a wide range of commercial applications. If an individual wishes to produce pure components by using this procedure, then he or she must carry out this process numerous times. 1.613A-7(g)) of an oil or gas well if a deduction for depletion is allowable under IRC 611 with respect to such product. A. Mustafin, O. M. Sudakova, A. F. Akhmetov, et al., Mir Nefteproduktov, No. Destructive Distillation A Manualetted Of The Paraffin, Coal Tar, Rosin For example, coal and petroleum are fuels. However, this LMSB Directive focuses on issues related to the more commonly used residual (or rate of return) method and the proportionate profits method. Shale naphtha is obtained by the distillation of oil produced from bituminous shale by destructive distillation. Attachment 1 provides a more detailed discussion of the classification of those assets as FOGEI or FORI based on definitions provided in the regulations and on common usage of terms within the oil and gas industry. In India, vast reserves of natural gas are found in: Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas cannot be created in the laboratory as it is not possible to create the natural conditions under which they are formed. However, it must be noted that only a fraction of the mass of the initial feedstock will be accounted for by the collected products. It was established that in the presence of nickel 2-ethylhexanoate it is possible by thermodestructive distillation of vacuum gasoil up to 405 . Longmans Green & Co. 1964 May be downloaded from: Bates, John S.; Distillation of hardwoods in Canada; Pub: Ottawa, F. A. Acland, 1922. May be downloaded from: Loos, Hermann A.; A Study on Colophony Resin; Columbia University 1900. When compared to combustion, a significantly lower quantity of the organic matter is consumed during destructive distillation (post combustion, the mass of the products formed is almost equal to the mass of the initial feedstock and the required amount of oxidant). Fossil fuels are exhaustible resources which mean that they are not present in abundant quantities on the earth. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. N. L. Solodova, N. A. Terenteva, Vestnik Kazanskogo Tekhnologicheskogo Universitates, 15, No. May be downloaded from: DUMESNY, P. & NOYER J.; Wood products, distillates and extracts; Pub: Scott, Greenwood & Son, 1908. [7] [8] Destructive distillation of a ton of coal can produce 700kg of coke, 100 liters of liquor ammonia, 50 liters of coal tar and 400 m 3 of coal gas. If the amount of coal gets depleted it would become much difficult for us to produce energy for various purposes. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. However, it is important to note here that only a fraction of the mass of the initial feedstock will be accounted for in the final products. Structures to physically support the above equipment, such as offshore platforms. Increase in air pollution: The burning of fossil fuels results in the release of unburnt carbon particles in the air. We receieved your request, Stay Tuned as we are going to contact you within 1 Hour. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-022-01399-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10553-022-01399-z. This is directly in contrast to the large number of products that are generated after processing organic materials through destructive distillation. Destructive distillation of coal is a process in which coal is heated in the absence of air to produce various byproducts such as coal gas, coal tar, and coke. learning fun, We guarantee improvement in school and Coal is often subjected to destructive distillation. The process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation. Fuels are required for different purposes such as: Natural gas also yields Hydrogen gas which is used in the production of fertilisers (such as urea). Destructive Distillation A Manualetted Of The Paraffin, Coal Tar, Rosin Oil, Petroleum, And Kindred| Edmund James Mills, Animal Production In Australia|Australian Society Of Animal Foundation, Old Peebles|Rhona Wilson, Midnight Fairy Craft & Party Book|Tracy Marsh, A Revolutionary Pilgrimage: Being An Account Of A Series Of Visits To Battlegrounds & Other Places Made Memorable By The War Of . Comprehensive English Pack for Defence (With Bilingual Solutions), Physics for Defence Examinations Mock Test, NCERT XI-XII Physics Foundation Pack Mock Test. The meaning of DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION is decomposition of a substance (such as wood, coal, or oil) by heat in a closed container and collection of the volatile products produced. This is a preview of subscription content, access via These particles act as pollutants and increase air pollution. Answer: (a) coal, petroleum, natural gas (b) refining (c) CNG Question 5. Destructive Distillation: Definition, Process, Products, Uses Petroleum (also known as crude oil) is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms. As a result, an activity that normally occurs on the premises (i.e. For gas, the primary products are defined at Treas. Download the Testbook App for free today to take advantage of some exclusive offers now. Chemistry Coal & Petroleum Part 7 (Destructive distillation of Coal: Coal tar, coal gas, coke) Class 8 VIII Treas. Reg. Burning these fuels also cause air pollution as well as global warming. For instance, LPG is used in urban areas while firewood, coal and cattle dung is used in rural areas. Large and Mid-Size Business Division Application of Cavitation in Oil Processing: An Overview of Mechanisms FOGEI is determined under the proportionate profits method by allocating total income from the production and sale of the oil or gas product between FOGEI and FORI based on the relative costs of the FOGEI and FORI activities. Reg. Switch off the engine when you are waiting( such as traffic light). These ovens must remain airtight under the cyclic stress of expansion and contraction. Petroleum is called 'black god' because it yields several substances that are commercially successful. May be downloaded from: Klar, Max; Rule, Alexander; The technology of wood distillation, with special reference to the methods of obtaining the intermediate and finished products from the primary distillate; Pub: London Chapman & Hall 1925. The processing of crude oil into its primary products has been discussed earlier. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Destructive Distillation - Definition, Diagram, Process, Application They are fossil fuels. It is a dark and oily liquid with an unpleasant odour. I. This process will give up the initial monomers, and those monomers can be reused in other proper procedures. et al. Some of those products are tar and terpenes, Coal is processed through destructive distillation to obtain several commercially valuable products like ammonium hydroxide, coke, coal tar, and coal gas, The waste obtained after polymerization can also be processed through destructive distillation. K. An, G. A. Somorjai, Catalysis Letters, 145, No. Cleaner fuel for transport vehicles (less polluting than petrol and diesel). Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. In the past, the process of destructive distillation, along with other different forms of pyrolysis, have helped in the discovery of new chemical compounds and the elucidation of the chemical structures of these compounds. Most of the disagreements regarding classification of assets between FOGEI and FORI involve transportation and processing assets. Destructive distillation can be defined as the chemical process through which unprocessed materials are subjected to decomposition by heating them and thereby producing cracks in the relatively large molecules. the Pandemic, Highly-interactive classroom that makes Generally, distillation process is performed for organic feedstocks, which helps to increase the usage of various compounds for dry distillation process When 10 wt.% of the distillation residue formed during the distillation of vacuum gasoil was used in the treatment of fuel oil by thermal action 64.6 wt.% of distillate was obtained. Apart from its useful constituents, it also contains various impurities. Destructive Distillation is used to make a variety of products, including methanol, ethanol, and gasoline . Examples of reasonable methods of allocation include the following: A compressor that is used to send natural gas to market (a FORI activity) and also to a reservoir for pressure maintenance (a FOGEI activity, see Attachment 1) may be allocated based on relative throughput; and. The most important synthetic rubber produced by using isoprene is neoprene. The process of destructive distillation involves the pyrolysis of the organic (or inorganic) feedstock inside a distillation apparatus and the collection of the volatile products that are formed during the pyrolysis. Get your questions answered by the expert for free. Its main component is methane but it may also contain varying amounts of other higher alkanes (a group of elements). 1.907(c)-1(d)(5) defines processing as the destructive distillation, or a process similar in effect to destructive distillation, of crude oil into its primary products including processes used to remove pollutants from crude oil. Destructive distillation of coal- Heating of coal in the absence of oxygen at 1000 deg to 1400 deg C to yield processed products - coke (s), coal tar (l) and coal gas (g) Bitumen; Oil wells to pump out petroleum; Crude petroleum; Refining of crude petroleum; Petroleum refinery; Fractionation of petroleum; Petrochemicals Reg. As we have mentioned before, this process involved the pyrolysis of organic and inorganic feedstock. They take hundreds and thousands of years to replenish. Reg. In order to improve consistency and reduce the administrative burden on both taxpayers and the IRS, this LMSB Directive provides guidance to international examiners (IEs) and specialists on the application of the most two commonly used methods for determining FOGEI (and FORI) when there is no ascertainable market price for the oil and gas in the immediate vicinity of the well. [3] Well known examples include the deduction of the structures of pyranoses and furanoses.[4]. 1, 141-147 (2012). Vestnik Neftyanykh Kompanii, No. Destructive Distillation - Definition, Process, and Applications - BYJU'S This is necessary since FOGEI would be determined under these formulas by substituting FOGEI costs in the numerator of the first formula, the mining or extraction activity, and FORI would be determined by substituting FORI costs in the numerator of the second formula, the non-mining or non-extraction activity. A. Mustafin,A. F. Akhmetov&A. R. Khanov, State Unitary Enterprise IPTER RB, Ufa, Russia, You can also search for this author in . The International Foreign Tax Credit Technical Advisor and the Petroleum Industry Program (PIP) will gather industry data to advise on reasonable rates of return so as to further conserve examination resources. Naphtha was the name originally applied to the more volatile kinds of petroleum issuing from the ground in the Baku district of Azerbaijan and Iran. Larger molecules can also be formed from certain chemical reactions that are undergone by the distillate molecules. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that modern destructive distillation techniques have been improved in various ways to maximize the number of valuable products that can be extracted from the feedstock. your institution. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. al., Journal of Catalysis, 308, 189-200 (2013). I. This process can be used to obtain both turpentine and methanol from wood, The destructive distillation of wood also tends to behind a residue of solid charcoal. . Most of the organic matter is insoluble in ordinary organic solvents; therefore, it must be decomposed by heating to release such materials. [1] This is similar to the process of water flooding. This is done to form a wide range of products that are very important from a commercial point of view. For purposes of IRC 613A and the regulations under that section, the term "crude oil" means--. Coal-tar naphtha is a volatile commercial product obtained by the distillation of coal tar. This process helps in the extraction of useful substances from coal. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. Kadieva, S. N. Khadzhiev, Kh. Defined at Treas. The field separation and treatment steps do not generally yield any of the primary products from oil described in Treas. Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 31-Mar-2023, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) and Certification, Employers engaged in a trade or business who pay compensation, Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS), Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, IRC 907 Evaluating Taxpayer Methods of Determining Foreign Oil and Gas Extraction Income (FOGEI) and Foreign Oil Related Income (FORI). Destructive Distillation.A Manualette of the Paraffin, Coal Tar, Rosin Oil, Petroleum, and Kindred Industries. Destructive distillation - Wikipedia Correspondence to Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas are exhaustible natural resources. Ace your exams and level up your preparation game with Testbooks professionally curated study materials, exam practice sets, and personalized coaching. A mixture of hydrocarbons which existed in the liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and which remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities, Hydrocarbons which existed in the gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but which are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators, and. CAS FOGEI is defined in the Code and regulations as taxable income derived from the extraction of minerals from oil or gas wells based on the fair market value (FMV) of the minerals in the immediate vicinity of the well. These concepts apply as well to the FOGEI determination. Destructive distillation of coal is the process of heating coal in the absence of air. For example, isoprene was discovered when natural rubber was subjected to destructive distillation. Gases like carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulphide are also found in natural gas in small percentages. The process of destructive distillation and other forms of pyrolysis has helped in discovering new chemical compounds. One of the most prominent applications of destructive distillation is in the processing of coal in order to obtain several commercially important compounds such as coke, ammonium hydroxide, coal gas, and coal tar. Destructive distillation on the other hand involves necessary chemical reactions to take place. However, it must be noted that only a fraction of the mass of the initial feedstock will be accounted for by the collected products. Hence, we should use these fuels economically to make sure that we can use them for a longer time, the risk of global warming gets reduced, and we can live in a cleaner environment. The term 'Petroleum' is derived from two words - 'Petra' which means 'rock' and 'oleum' which means 'oil'. Natural gas emits 50% less carbon dioxide, sulphur and nitrogen oxides in the air. Consider the diagram below to understand the process of destructive distillation. One can also define destructive distillation as the application of the concepts of pyrolysis. With time, they get covered by the layers of sand and clay. In the petroleum industry, oil stabilization is a form of partial distillation that reduces the vapor pressure of crude oil, thereby making it safe for storage and transport as well as reducing the atmospheric emissions of volatile hydrocarbons. Originally, petroleum is a mixture of many things, such as petrol, diesel, petroleum fas, paraffin wax, lubricating oil etc. Please get in touch with us. This is further indication that extraction and production are essentially synonymous. There are other situations where assets that are transporting minerals (especially natural gas) are properly classified as FOGEI assets. It is a gaseous mixture primarily composed of carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen. What is destructive distillation? Explain the process, and reason why mineral oil. To View your Question. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. In all cases, the IE should estimate the tax effect of potential changes before expanding the examination time to permit consultation with engineers and economists. 1.907(c)-1(d)(6) as: [A]ll gas and associated hydrocarbon components from gas wells or oil wells, whether recovered at the lease or upon further processing, including natural gas, condensates, liquefiable petroleum gases (such as ethane, propane, and butane), and liquid products (such as natural gasoline). At IRC 907(c)(2)(A), processing is listed as a FORI activity and is defined at Treas. This statement is a fact as destructive distillation was used to discover isoprene. 5.1.1 General Description . The process of destructive distillation involves the pyrolysis of the organic (or inorganic) feedstock inside a distillation apparatus and the collection of the volatile products that are formed during the pyrolysis. naphtha, any of various volatile, highly flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used chiefly as solvents and diluents and as raw materials for conversion to gasoline. IRC 907 was enacted in 1975 and final regulations, effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1982, were issued in 1991. Google Scholar. Treas. The term "natural gas" means any product (other than crude oil) of an oil or gas well if a deduction for depletion is allowable under section 611 with respect to such product. The process of pyrolysis can be conducted in a distillation apparatus (retort) to form the volatile products for collection. The IRC 907 regulations refer to the definition of crude oil from IRC 613A (see above). Global Warming: Fossil fuels when burnt release large amounts of carbon dioxide in the air. The definition in Treas. It is also important to note that the cracking of larger molecules in the feedstock and the further conversion of those compounds into volatile liquids and products, the polymerization of distillate molecules, and the formation of chars and solids can all occur during the same process. It works on the principle of pyrolysis and large molecules are cracked during the process. NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, Important Questions For Class 12 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 11 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 10 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 9 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 8 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 7 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 6 Chemistry, Class 12 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 11 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 10 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 9 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers.

Kauai Ocean Conditions, Ut Dallas Gpa Requirements, Hotels In Kings Mountain, Nc, 44-535 Kaneohe Bay Drive, 3 Bedroom Houses In Charlotte, Nc For Rent, Articles D